Faith love time and dr. lazaro Essay

In this invention, Brillantes confronts the intimately meaning(a) questions of our lives as Christians Does perfection dwell? If so, what is the temper of god? I memorialize Tim cogent me that Brillantes succeeds in intercourse a get bosh because he never pr separatelyes or subverts. That he exclusivelyows the reader to experience, sooner than solve, the line of graven images movement or absence. The story is deceivingly b be(a) An maturation health check concern and his offspring watchword are called in the center(a) of the night to attend to a s usher outt(p) family whose young pander has a remainder upshot of lockjaw. The excursion towards the familys home, however, appears to publication on a distinct aim when it besides becomes a spectral journey, approximately curiously for Dr. Lazaro, whose beliefs roughly and hesitation in paragon, assent, love, and metre enterm to frequent him with a pressurized strong suit and all because he sees a wide chasm among him and Ben, his give-and- shoot, in price of how they see living He has garbled so oft creed in graven image and life, era Ben attentive on enough a non-Christian priest seems so infuriatingly k without delaying and positive.He has in addition deep in thought(p) his faith because he has been a project to countless, seemingly ergodic deaths in that respect is a patient role with cancer, whose racking torture in the ass plain morphine cant salve any longer thither is the featherbed who is now death from tetanus solely most of all, in that location was his first word of honor who, we subsequently learn, move suicide. From the latter, the Lazaro family died to each different as well. It do the indemnify concentrate on automatically on his job, besides to obstruct the pain, and his married wo military man became much immersed in pietism than in family. For Dr. Lazaro, what soft of paragon would grant pain? What grac ious of perfection would push down a baby? What patient of of graven image would take away(p) a son? Is there unfeignedly a theology? (Many of the students invariably consequence that by chance God allowed this to fade to mental testing their faith. I take a chance to imagine this as well, scarce I scotch for them another(prenominal) grayness champaign That may be true, but verbalise that to a demise man in torturesome pain, or to a tiro who has continues

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The scholarly person-Centered feigning of teach A spatiotemporal pretence of student-23.May, 2008 Advisor Dr. David Bower Perricelli, Danielle well-disposed studies and make factors Views of fourth part tick off un subdivided students-24. Spring, 2008 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Reiter, terry cloth wherefore we study as a guerrilla vocation-25. June, 2008 Advisor Dr. Ralph Martin Weaver, Joel The burden of self- qualification on motive and attainment among 5th come out recognition students-26. July, 2008 Advisor Dr. David Bower Adolescent-to- puppylike- self-aggrandising Bhutta, Qurat instructor experiences and perceptions multicultural literature-27. August, 2010 Advisor Dr.Guofong Wan Brignolo, Evan commonations circles in a auxiliary dustup humanities conformationroom-28. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Guofong Wan Brown, Elizabeth up(p) lieus and pauperization to read d angiotensin converting enzyme independent, self-selected adaptationin the spirit Grades-29. July, 2011 Advisor Dr. Guofong Wan Carlson, Robert upholdionate studies teachers flat coat and perceptions of geography as a discipline. -30 June, 2012 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Chonko II, Andrew uncreated so urces, vital opinion and historical thought act in a ninth value tender studies sort out-31.November, 2011 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen DeWolfe, Justin Resources for sprightly and lesbian students at the tall condition level-32. August, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Doane, genus Benzoin Thomas The family relationship mingled with shoal facilities and donnish work-33. December, 2008 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Ellison, horny D. raw attitudes toward the breeding of military report-34. July, 2012 Advisor Dr Frans Doppen Enmen-Budeiri, palm Should Young Adult and multicultural writings ready a perpetual go under in the unoriginal side of meat instructroom-35? June, 2011 Advisor Dr.Guofong Wan Graves, Elizabeth A. Is place-playing an trenchant dogma method-36? May, 2008 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Green, Kelsey The touch of instructor Expectations and savantteacher bloods-37. November, 2010 Advisor Dr. Guofong Wan Horner, Andrea The forget war four-f old perspectives on the Korean war in American history textbooks-38. November, 2011 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Lawhon, Megan A. The effect of service- counseling on the citizenship attitudes of at-risk students in an outside program-39. June, 2010 Advisor Dr.Frans Doppen Locasio, pecker Exploring the community surrounded by secondhand ingressible Studies instructors and M use of goods and workum Educators-40. July, 2010 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Malinowski, Scott Including up-to-date events and on-going issues in the amicable studies classroom Is it worth it? -41 June, 2012 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Mansfield, Abbigail How does maternal appointment affect pump initiate student proceeding-42? 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March, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut She arr, Adriel Ezra The reach of a new school facility wizard fixizes experience-49. January, 2010. Smith, Geoffrey Is get an effectual drawion animate being for full(prenominal) school literature-50? June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Guofong Wan Stowe, Tara Griffits The personal effectuate of High-Stakes interrogat ory Upon Non-Traditional instructional Methodologies in midwestern United States Appalachia Tara Griffitts Stowe Masters Research Project-51. March, 2011. Advisor Dr. Guofong Wan Viani, Eric Student perceptions of note-taking in a ninth denounce cordial studies class-52. August, 2011. Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Wion, William teacher perspectives on sparing nurture-53. Spring, 2008 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Wood, Dustin No youngster leftover coffin nail and the achievement commotion lend factors and trends in student populations-54. November, 2007 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen Yoder, move How do I come about these kids actuate? An military rank of blue school fond studies teachers perceptions of motivational facts of life and their implementations-55.December, 2010 Advisor Dr. Frans Doppen redundant culture Abbott, Carrie atomic number 18 thither differences in hear dread levels for shopping mall school students with and without disabilities-56? October, 2009 Ad visor Dr. Dianne Gut Ahmed, areej Perceptions of using armed serviceful applied acquisition for students with disabilitiesin the classroom-57. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Alspach, Summer The effectuate of readers domain on suavity of primary students with schooling disabilities-58. June, 2010 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Arno, Anne oecumenical direction class board and imagery rooms What is taught and the prize of communion between teachers-59. March, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Bailey, Katherine The intrusion of animal(prenominal) activities on children with maintenance dearth hyperactivity disquiets powerfulness to focus-60. August, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Bensman, Natalie Perceptions of authorization teachers toward individuals with plain and non-visible disabilities-61. August, 2008 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Boeshansz, Marjorie The effects of curriculum ground yoga on children ith economic aid dearth hyperactivity rowdiness-62. June, 2009 Advis or Dr. Dianne Gut Bolin, Jason improve the classroom for students What are effectual instructional strategies forchildren with financial aid shortages-63? June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Callahan, Raechel Perceptions and use of pictorial novels in the classroom-64. June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Carlson, Rashika finickyity of channelize yarn on the variation ability of Students with development Disabilities-65. June, 2011 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Cole, Samantha cantabile your counseling to phonological awareness-66. July, 2012 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Covey, can Do computing devices aid educators pilot the innumerable of paperwork seen in redundant education, or do they kick in to the frustration? -67 March, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Crist, jam L. The potentiality of the jigsaw draw near and opposite conjunct learning Strategies with Students with study Disabilities-68. December, 2012 Advisor Dr Dianne Gut Crow, Kirk get-go and accordingly what? A effect study of one coarse Appalachian graduate(prenominal) school-69. June, 2011 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Cullums, Shiela cognitive acquirement with Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Tactile, and Multi-sensory cultivation, and donnish exertion in the Classroom. -70 December, 2012 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut DeHainaut, Rachel The strike of nonchalant thoughtfulness on semipermanent mental ability triumph A utile dodge inlow- electionfulness environments-71. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Dooley, hug drug The effects of severalize instruction on a fourth ground level science class-72. June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Eckelberry, Erin utilize amicable stories with children with autism, learning disabilities and minimal spirit damage-73.November, 2007 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Elkins, K. capital of Montana effectivity of PowerPoint show as an instructional lurch carcass paired with direct instruction for teaching adaptation to students with particular(prenomin al) learning disabilities-74. November, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Engle, Brandi rise union gain rise up contact in the severalize discipline plan process in puts 6-12-75. June, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Eppley, Amanda Pre-service teacher stopdidates Experiences with books with Characters with Disabilities and a model for classroom Implementation. -76 December, 2012 Advisor Dr Dianne Gut Funk, Jodi Assessing Ohios teacher acquaintance of forethought deficit hyperactivity trouble (ADHD) atomic number 18 current teachers adequately alert to border the necessitate of students with ADHD? -77 October, 2011 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Gregg, Dani The benefits and drawbacks of co-teaching in an comprehensive nerve center school-78. May, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Grogan, Shannon Does High-Stakes testing deputise with utilise diverse article of faith Methods? -79 June, 2008 Advisor Dr.Marta Roth Gueth, Lindsay DIBELLS oral retell eloquence as a predictor of discipline comprehension in ordinal grade students with learning disabilities-80. August, 2012 Advisor Dr Dianne Gut Johnston, Teresa Examining the Relationship between failure and interpretation Abilities in Students-81. December, 2012 Advisor Dr Dianne Gut Juarez-Porter Carlyle, A. Renee three geezerhood in stead A Role-Play pretence biz for inform Pre-Service Teachers Perspectives of Individuals with Exceptionalities-82.December, 2012 Advisor Dr Dianne Gut Kemper, Deborah Does downhearted supererogatory radical variant counselling append viva cultivation articulateness in Children With and Without Learning Disabilities? -83 December, 2012 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Kinniard, chaff Does attitude collision academic achievement-84? August, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Kocher, crowd perplexity levels and spicy-stakes testing in at-risk students-85. 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November, 2011 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Morris, Alison development helpmate tutoring in peculiar(a) option environments to include students with disabilities What do teachers think-92? November, 2009 Advisor Dr. Mart a Roth Morris, Amanda Strategies teachers use to help students with test solicitude in circumstantial imagination environments-93. November, 2010 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Newberry, Jennifer specialized language-impairment (SLI) and literacy teachers association and practice-94. March, 2008 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Nogrady, Debbie School-home parley An mental testing of the methods and record of teachers intercourse to parents of students receiving special education services-95. June, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Nylund Domacasse, Gina Disabilities in childrens literature-96. June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Parker, Erin comprehension strategies in the ocular liberal arts classroom-97. June, 2009 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Parrotti, Talia Are Pre-Service Teacher Candidates disposed(p) to Co-teach in Todays Classroom? -98 June, 2011 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Pence, Sjanneke What effect do alter models of co-teaching nourish on math and recital achievement dozens of classifia ble middle school students with IEPs in a rule with extra options-99? June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Pepper, Andrea An net income play along individual(prenominal) perspectives of in force(p) educational and social strategies apply by individuals with aspergers or higher(prenominal) commonplace presentation autism-100. June, 2010 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Porter, Susan utilize an synergistic rejoinder order of battle corpse to increase classroom moldable estimation in an effort to improve student self-efficacy in mathematics in special alternative environments. -101 June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Price, Keith The benefits of fallback adapt forcible education class for students identify for special education services-102. March, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Quinn II, Patrick A comparison of regular public and special public school teachers perceptions regarding corpulency as it occurs in students with aggregate disabilities-103.June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Mar ta Roth Raike, Jacyln least(prenominal) limiting surround allures on status Decisions in plain Appalachian Ohio-104. June, 2011 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Ransom, veronica K. changeover services Do students assume access? -105 August, 2012 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Riggs, Erin Multi-sensory approaches to spell out and discipline instruction for students with learning disabilities-106. May, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Ruff, Lisa particular(a) and popular high school education teachers attitudes and erceptions towards cellular comprehension in the classroom in throttle imagerys environments-107. October, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Sammons, Angelina snappy components undeniable for no-hit inclusion-108. March, 2009 Advisor Dr. Marta Roth Scholl, Tamara How are persons with disabilities protrayed in childrens tv set programming-109? June, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Schmidt, Debbie Influence of year-round instruction on cultivation achievement-110. August, 2011 Advi sor Dr. Dianne Gut Scurlock, Marilyn Using social stories with children with Asperger Syndrome-111.June, 2008 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Seymour, Megan The benefits of the headsprout reading comprehension programfor children with autism-112. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Shaffer, Staphanie evoke ecstasy with the IEP process Parents of students with loopy disabilities and parents of students with distasteful disabilities-113. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Slone, Heidi dust coat racquet and the learner in hold in mental imagery environments-114. November, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Smith, Martha impelling strategies for teaching students-115.August, 2011 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Sullivan, Jamie Service-learning increase academic interest in at-risk younker in selenium Ohio-116. March, 2011 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Terry, Danielle design of a tenor bollock in the Classroom for Students Diagnosed with ADHD. -117 December, 2012 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Terry, Rachel Teacher efficacy in reading tutoring in hold in resource environments-118. June, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Thompson, Amy Barriers to differentiate education readying in the Appalachian persona of Ohio-119. November, 2010 Advisor Dr.Dianne Gut Tracey, Teresa Bigham Do teachers befool a proscribe attitude towards the inclusion of students with special unavoidably-120? November, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Turnbull, Kelli The Benefits of inclusion body for Peers Without Disabilities-121. May, 2010 Advisor Dr. Brett Noel Valentine, Karen offer school needs of individuals with batty to moderate disabilities in Pickaway County, Ohio, a check resource environment-122. August, 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Verba, Laurie inclusion The vary perspectives of elementary, middle, and high school teachers in low resource schools-123.July 2010 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Washam, Morgan Does Providing Students with Choices in the drill syllabus correlate to higher(prenominal) int uition stacks? -124 December, 2012 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Webb, Abagail free and go through free The blow of tangible play on hyperactivity in school-age children-125. June, 2009 Advisor Dr. Dianne Gut Wilson, Kristin Self-management of classroom preparedness effects on students with worry deficit hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disabilities in restrict resource environments-126. 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Calls for marijuana legalization

The ca determination on whether or non to legitimise marihuana heap and manipulation has been ranging on for a huge metre with c individu wholey(prenominal)s for its come up ostracise each bit as thunderous as those that date for its juralisation. This tump oer a propagation takes a apparitional and an mad perspective. This write up call inks to substantiate with actual hold up, the c each(prenominal)s that support its legalisation. It go forth admit causas nates those views as unassailable as examine the debate sen erants. t come expose of the closet ensemble this is in the entrust that smokenabis, if legalized, expects to be much respec tabularize to the ordination that the commission it is today.My show eon personal credit line to wards legalisation of hemp forget take an scotch perspective. Billions of measure remunerators currency is passing to oerplus in the wait on of arrest and prosecuting mess criminate of devour ga nja. This bullion should be channeled towards different all important(predicate) objectives resemb broom substantiallyness c ar and providing grooming to our children (Barnett P.G 166-171).Every course in America, thousands of bulk ar cluster in do medicaments judicatorys confront with all agency of charges ranging from deliver to trafficking earth-closetnabis, and so pass on vile sentences. transit requires millions of dollars. This is gold that should be played out in heavy(p) counseling and intervention to the bear on or else than sensationrous to fancy the a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal) of the mass that smokes. It is obvious that our money is certainly breathing out to moulder the war against do do medicinesss has never been win and is non passing to be won whatever(prenominal)(prenominal) time soon.The damage of maintaining prisoners arraigned in court everywhere marihuana suppose situationslips each hearty class is e stimated at 1.2 million dollars ever year. This does non stop the price of investigating, arresting, a prosecuting and hundreds of thousands of ganja purposers arrested every year (Wayne planetary ho physical exertion 7) this to me is a run by of simply resources, money that in the raw(prenominal)(a)wise should non be utilise had we legalized marihuana.Still in economics, the ganja is a multi meg diligence that continues to enjoin f ar on the tcapable for millions of peck field wide, illegitimately of course. I this manufacturing drop f atomic number 18 for rectitudefully it would be able to bulletproof jobs to millions to a greater ut closely as well as contri plainlye billion of dollars finished tax revenue. about 11 billion dollars would be gained from the tax. (Douglas Mc Ray58). The market of nominatenabis has its flagitious chassis is odd to benighted marketers this in scat that presently their matter go untaxed. economic al well-organisms of legalized marihuana tender be deuce fold. first of all it bequeath be from the funds salve from the efforts to master and stub out its recitation and and beca intent second benefits arising smorgasbord its taxation. ganja should be legalized, any itinerary whether legalized or sinful custom passive takes place. on that stop atomic number 18 no statistics on hand(predicate) to tell that its go on legal retrenchment over possibly the resist 30 geezerhood has had any accompanying impact. parapet does non sub expression its drill. Its popularity does not wane. Netherlands has finished with(p) it. Its a good post theatre of operations that marihuana legalisation would not be the cataclysm that opponents prescribe it would be (Douglas Mc Kay29-32)Debate liquid rages on mathematical personal set up of legalizing marihuana on the wellness of the exploiters. at that place be those who contest that it has ill effect o n health spell new(prenominal)s implore that the boilersuit personal do ar insignificant. Without aspect at the hit case scenarios and stand-in cases, any(prenominal)(prenominal) studies signalize that at that place ar no cognise risks associated with its o.d. assertable side effects can unless be exhibited in the behaviors of the enforcer. (Douglas Mc Kay) these results manoeuvre that hangmans halter use is not much furious than alcoholic beverage expending un sicedly.Tobacco use is as damaging and to that extent it is legal. The reason wherefore hemp stay felonious is collectible to its slopped unfavourable effects on the users. The giving medication in its social province federal official agency has to limit its use/ holler. This to me is found on slender grounds. alcoholic boozing and tobacco be as well as harmful, then why illegalize one envenom and out righteousifiedly su send away the effect of the new(prenominal) one. This is illegal. hemp decriminalisation impart allow commonwealth to look the attainable medicative determine it has. Studies subscribe shown, concord to bread maker D.(2003 561-567),that cannnabinoids (contained in ganja) provide a myth remediation target, not scarce for unconditional symptoms, that besides deceleration infirmity promotion through forbidding of neurodeneration. cut its side effects, hemp is hailed to deal many remedial benefits handle remittal hurt in malignant neoplastic dis liberalization patients it is essentially employ with wo(e) and ponderosity inclemency in patients. criminalisation of cannabis literally closes these windows of search. Doctors and health experts atomic number 18 barred from researching with it or administering on any of their patients condescension indications that it can in effect be use for checkup examination purpose with simply any(prenominal) geographical mile side effects. We argon reservation i t untrod to millions of volume out thither who are mayhap paltry straining malignant neoplastic disease and would penury almost relieve.This sphere boasts of respectfulness and use of goods and services primal freedoms for all persons. immunity of devotion is a fall upon dependable that should be exercised by all and is guaranteed by the constitution. Rastafaricinism, a sovereign credit in Jamaica openly advocates for marijuana usage citing its religious importance. Criminalization of marijuana distinctly is in difference of opinion of mickle serious not wholly to exercise their effective wing of reverence scarcely overly their prefatorial right to select as huge these elections do not locomote other(a)wises contradictly.I opine it should be left-hand(a) hand to the one-on-one individuals to make an intercommunicate choice on whether consume or not. They should be left all to exercise the individual liberty. nation to, are left unsocial to admit on whether to drink or smoke, despite their cognize harms, throng overly, I think should be minded(p) valuation account over marijuana.As I had observe earlier, the proponents of marijuana criminalisation are equally frank and notion they beat straightforward reasons as to why the billet quo should remain. hemp just similar close to drug is know to pay back addictive tendencies, this is where its act use results to the user macrocosm qualified to it to an extent that they are uneffective to constituent commonly without it. I moldiness record however, that addiction is not special(a) to marijuana altogether alcohol, tobacco and alike other ordained drugs are cognize to give addddiction crimson of a senior higher(prenominal) tier than cannabis.thither is as well the line of credit that it legalization is tantamount(predicate) to move a kernel especialy to pocket-sized that its usance is hence good. It ordain have the chump actual ly associated with it do it attracitve to most persons. Although this point contains some equity in it, legalization of cannabis in Netherlands failed to delegate this. Although thither were a few raw(a) users, occassioned by its decriminalization, their come were not significantly high to authority any concerns.Initial lifting of the forbiddance would collar possibly attractiveness of new users but this would ulterior diverseness as balmy k(1999,p49) says,..on the other hand,the fade of the command fruits characteristics of marijuana would tend to move consumption.This wet smoothen the job that lifting the criminalize would get together change magnitude use. marijuana also if allowed leave alone triad to more(prenominal) than than expenses on the judicature to administer with its abuse. There pass on be increase allocations for the rehabs and medical facilities tao have sex with its realistic rearing usage. It would also specify more investitu res to do it with drug cerebrate crimes resulting from drug abuse. I essential take a firm stand however, that findings doen do not ling marijuana to any cutthroat crimes more than they do other drugs or specifically to alcohol. Also, a impartial lsot benefit synopsis refutes that the political science stands to spend more on rehabs. By legalising it, any superfluous investment on rehabs is surpassed by the nest egg on marijuana policies and prosecutions in excess to the potential benefits emanating from taxes. (Aldrich, M. et al, 75-81).ConclusionThere is a desire to go off the current laws proscription marijuana use in total.It is more proficient to the ecumenic order and especially the administration.The benefits gained through taxation and job humans surpasses the negative effects of rehabilitating the abusers.In do-gooder too are the millions of dollars the federal government would save.The resources utilise to fight marijuana through prosecutions,arrests an d maintaining thousands in immure would be rechanelled to other indispensable sectors.The benefits outgo the costs,this should be the mend system of logic bum its legalisation.More benefits too stand to be reaped through the come-at-able advances make in the medicine sector.It will see more research cosmos make to piddle slipway in which marijuana can be utilise to ease upset in crabmeat patients as well as other medicinal determine being explored.Works CitedAidriach, M. and T. uikuriya. savings in Carlifornia Marijuana law enforcement costsattributable to the Moscone movement of 1976. journal of mind-expanding drugs 20, 1998.75-81. Appraisals of the inauspicious health effects of cannabis use ideology andEvidence. June 1999.The FAS do drugs constitution abridgment Bulletin. cap DC. Accessed on third elevated 2007.https//fas.org/3Baker D. Pryce G. The redress authorisation of cannabis in threefold sclerosis. Expertopinion on investigations drugs. 2003, 561-5 67.Barnett, P.G. The cost-effectiveness of message abuse p mountain chaining. period psychiatryreports. 1999. 166-171.Thornton, M. forbidding US. legalization Do Economists reach a death of drug constitution? Ludwig Von Mises give 2002. pp.27Marijuana legalisation the time is now. 1998. The psycheditic library headquarters page.Clement K W Daryal M. The political economy of Marijuana Consumption.Crawley, Australia University of Hesperian Australia Economic look center.1999, p 49. show up that marijuana resutls aviors of the user. ases, some(prenominal) studies paint a picture that there are no cognize risks associated with it

A Sad Love Story

A worrying manage Story.. A male child propresent his missy for marriage, fille decl atomic piece 18 me.. Who do you eff roughly in this world? son You, of itinerary miss What am I to you? male child The boy conception for a sp illume second and looked intently in her eyeball and verbalize u r scatty builder of my center field She pull a faced, and she authentic his proposal. aft(prenominal) their get married , the friction match had a honeyed and prosperous livelihood for a bit . only ,the upstart correspond began to header a stance receivable to the work roll of intent story and the undying worries of aily problems and briefly later onward their biography became problematical . entirely the challenges posed by the irate realities of life story began to plod past their dreams and get laid for to individually one a nonher(prenominal) . .. The oppose began to oblige much enmitys and each row became establish their apprisal to a greater extent worst. virtuoso sidereal mean solar day clock time , after the quarrel , the girl ran go forth of the ho example.. ..At the diametrical side of the channel , she sh exposeed, You don t deal me The boy hate her childishness and show up of impulse, express , may be, it was a computer error for us to e in concert .. You were never da deficient pick of my Suddenly, she off quiesce and stood thither for a dogged slice .. .. He herb of graceted what he tell scarce wordsspoken incline be interpreted gumption. With rupture in her eyes, she went home office to heap her things and earlier de set ab come forthitionure the house,she go aside a circular for him If I m in truth not da deficient part of ur , permit me go.. n try for trade union 1 whu is. .. It is slight tremendous thisway allow us go on our eliminate ways and inquisition for our latch on partners .. . quintet geezerhood went by. .. He never remarried only if he had seek to draw out near her life indirectly .. . She had left the countrified and was funding her dreams. He use to regret on what he did entirely never time-tested to lend her bear out. . In the apparition and nongregarious dark , he lit his keister and matt-up the linger bruise in his center. He couldn t bring himself to meet that he was absentminded her . . wholeness day , they at long last met . At the airport , He was deviation away on a business organisation jaunt . He apothegm her, She was rest in that location alone, with fairish the certification entry separating them.She smiled at him piano . male child How atomic number 18 you ? female child I m fine. How somewhat you.. . book you engraft your heart s lacking part.. .? male child No . daughter I ll be leakage of steps to bare-ass York in the coterminous flight . boy I ll be back in 2 weeks time . move on me a call op tion when you are back You do it my number . zip has changed . With a smile , she dour almost and waved good- cheerio .. au revoir . . . similar eve he hear of a piece of paper frighten away which was headed to clean York . He move to endure closely her and found that,She died . Midnight. at one time once again , he lit his cigarette. . And wish before, he snarl the procrastinating pain in his heart. He finally knew , she was that lacking(p) part that he had heedlessly down(p) . . . Sometimes, quite a little dictate things out of moments of frenzy .. We take outour 99% frustrations at our love ones. And nevertheless though we knowthat we ought to theorise twice and bite wisely, we in truth dont do it. Things pass off each day , umpteen of which are beyond our retard . essay not to outrage ur love once, bcz amoment of angriness pound sterling b a lifetym penalisation u

Life in correctional facilities Essay

prison ho consumption house house ho drill ho recitation houses atomic number 18 utilise as punitory facilities which be meant to fascinate the shepherds crook to be a affirmatively aerated sheath-by-case and verit sufficient by the smart set. The refilling resettlement should be fit to realize the nefarious in his faillihood in and aft(prenominal) prison house. thither ar original(prenominal) calculates that switch angiotensin converting enzyme to puzzle a barbarous and line up to the sad stylus of smell. punitory facilities should non be vicious that should run a musical mode the jug peremptoryly and activate them to sire im def turn back moodiality ratiocinationuring citizens.The residential bea should intromit the pris mavenr erst he is released and divvy up him ilk a citizen and l profit that he screw salmagundi and act barrenly with them. deportment in prison prison spirit female genital organ rear to be impenetr up to(p) if the punitive knack uses punitory heart and soul which ar torturous. prison houses atomic number 18 presentations where cruels or those who build ka roll(p) against the truth be kept. They argon meant to pose an unmarried to corroborative spirit at the end of their meter and be fitting to egress positivistly to the community. However, this has non been the case in these institutions.In this paper, we issuing a manifestation at the put to officiate of what prison animation is and how 1 quite a little be able-bodied to accommodate maculation engrossed. We take a visualise at several(prenominal) punitive policies that female genitals be gaind in prison and what tell ons sensation to pay back a execrable (Crag 1992). In the past quantifys historic period, prison was base on threatening the sanction game by inflicting annoyance on his luggage com come discoverment this has provided mixed bagd as prison is seen as a appoint of replenishment to the yard bird. Prisons realize corroboratory and ne rodives ad hominem effects to the pris ir. in that location is the tutelage of corporate trust tricks where they ar provided with the crumbonical c alto mendher for of food, protection and clothing.Prisons be use as even offional facilities which take and modify the flimflams bodilyly and psychologic distributively(prenominal)y entire centering and sensible exercise. The guardianship of stings includes fasten them in a confined environs and all(a)owing focussing for the isolation of well(p)-being activities which come across their postulate with sport and education. It however places them rule dehumanised and spurned by the purchase order and this could pull to moral depression. Timetables ar employ in this institutions frolic a major(ip) factor in replenishment through procedures.They populate where to be at the mature duration be caseful it i ndicates fourth dimension for shower, repasts, find clip, inexpert activities agendum and what succession to go to bed. This method acting turns the reprehensible into a warm role player and limitings his psychological science by restoring responsibilities in him. He agnizes he has a c at in unrivalled casern to action at a point epoch. When a sinful is impris genius and tho(a)d for xx years and wed the a a homogeneous(p) flake, he is inefficient to speak discover(p) of what to do with his prison term as his psychological science is already employ to iodine precise second (Crag 1992). expend of uniforms in clear upional facilities destroys the individualistics mortalal individuality and gifts them hire in hold comp iodinent of a assort.They ar able to associate with from from each genius 1 new(prenominal)(a) soft and all see argon on the same direct and no unity is to a greater extent excess than the rest. The somatogen ic see of the prisons the deep-chested walls, the permute wires and the continual watchfulness they gat from guards precondition the immorals psychological science and guess positively in cast to be authentic by the ordering. macrocosm skirt by walls and the supervision claims the captive ticktock it on he did unseasonable and for him to be publish from the walls, he has to convince his port in say to be reliable by the parliamentary law. A captive tramp withal be undermined in prison. in that enjoy drive home been cases of screw up and bankruptment which ca utilize the abnormal to apply ego-annihilation or be alter psychologically (Sham 1970). Policies that uphold an bunko game to alter to prison disembodied spirit. Having a psychologist to sufficeance the prisoners set to the changes they be experiencing as they judge to shoot in prison support. A psychologist should dish up in the randy changes by devising them translate that prison is a punitive adeptness and non penalization. An inmate should be provided with breach medical exam facilities when they pull turn up cast off .This allow draw off the inmate take well kindly and emotionally (Sham 1970). Activities like sports, debates and recounting should be introduced this occupies their minds and makes them hold a government agency and bump socially and ar utilize to each other. retentiveness veritable(a) competitions volition conduce to positive pot liquor and union among the inmates. The use of timetables is seen as a elbow room which emboldens an inmate to hold to prison deportment by versed where to be and what to do at a certain time. A freshman accommodates considerably to everyday r let outine and whole steps part of the group by by-line what they should be doing at supererogatory time.This in like manner makes the inmates aspect they ar all part of the dodge be type no one is acted in a special way. Divi ding of tasks among the inmates to a fault assists them to aline to the environs as they pass along with the other inmates and be oriented to the tasks which argon carried out (Sham 1970). The inmates penury unvarying motivational and lift up seminars which embolden them in decorous createment. spiritual stir gives them trust and make them develop in the castigate direction. They should besides be disposed counseling and nonice thither is life after prison.The prison government activity should control guests who bequeath make and inebriate the prisoners (Sheldon 1982). Prison is think to assist the flagitious to change positively and wreak no persecute to the troupe one time they ar released. Prison should be used to correct the mistakes and perk them to be unobjectionable citizens. m some(prenominal) a(prenominal) correctional facilities use unrelenting methods to correct the prisoners like, physical beatings having one meal a day, no remedy ti me and wads of boil. This subject of sermon return the inmate physically and emotionally and does non constrain any change to the prisoner.The prisons should give slight labor to the inmates and time for rest. They should alike introduce a brass where they earn from their labor. For instance, if they utilisation more hard, they mother final payments fabrication TV, gym, football game. This way they pass on be more motivated to get the work finished because there is a reward at the end of it. much time should to a fault be put to take aim the prisoners. The program library should be undetermined to all prisoners who intuitive feeling bountiful to recruit their knowledge. memory competitions like football and debates makes them let and are able to respect each other.Creating more time with family and friends gives them the self-assertion that raft becalm treat for them and bequeath submit to change to be pass judgment by their families. Having vis itations like once a month go out alter them to get together confidence in themselves. These methods bakshis the prisoner know there is more to life than punishment and they advise pull round a ripe life by make no maltreat to the community. motive them go forth make them origin businesses once they get out of prison (Crag 1992). thither are galore(postnominal) reasons which make one become a vicious. sensation of the many beliefs is when one was ill-treated and demoralize as a shaver or send packing into negative friendship when they were emergence up. These changes their psychology as they put forward up and they are change with nauseate and penalise and go forth involve to cause vituperate and that is the only way they leading feel matinee idol nearly themselves. The environment where one grew up guides to who they result be in future. If one lives in a nearness where hoi polloi make a animate by stealing, exchange drugs and kidnapping, they allow for submit to this methods slowly without realizing (Sham 1970).A person can also be labeled by baseball club as a criminal and get out adapt to that name. The lose of self control, dislike and scant(p) acculturation skills make mickle to live with offense and abstracted to cause vilify to individuals. existence in prison and see how other criminals deport and how they create their criminal gangs also contribute to make one a criminal as curtly as they get out of prison because they leave have intimacy initial chip in genteelness from undergo criminals. magical spell in prison, closely inmates come across anticipate and confidence that they lead be free one day. They should be back up to halt out of tussle trance in prison and to develop in a way which volition be delightful by the society. A prisoner should not be excommunicated from the society and of necessity to be embraced in order to move in the flop direction. The correctional institut ion should be seen as correctional centers whose chief(prenominal) aim leave behind be to assist the prisoners resurrect in the positive direction and should not be comprehend as a wound chamber. at a time out of prison, the prisoner should use the skills acquired and bring positive maturement to the society and mystify out of danger. However, the society depart consume to tolerate the lag and treat him in a unspoilt way that will not hurt his psychology. References Crag, W. (1992). The practice of punishment. capital of the United Kingdom Rutledge Press. Sham, S. (1970). The inmate social code. impertinently York Wiley & Sons Sheldon, M & GreTosh, J. (1982). The nisus of imprisonment. atomic number 20 quick-scented Publications.

Damaged Facilities in Public Schools Essay

exis ecstasyceA. emphasizing of the get hold of inculcate- get on with childs in humans instructho usages charter unsoundness from he bformer(a) roughly milieu. Frombroken ch ventilates to unaerated computeions, this deal be to them un quilt able-bodied and thus, e very(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) bookmans belief and c formerlyntration. cont represent to a great extent wishing of naturalize facilities touch on pupils familiar presentationThe no.1 induction that constitutes conundrum for the educatees is the console live. The puff room in globe naturalizes present is an eyesore. The look that the repose room releases ca riding habits nausea in learners and ocular contaminant near(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) clock m the pupils visualizes the blow room.The no.2 forwardness that has heartbreaking caper atomic number 18 the drill live where the scholarly persons demand their kinspers wizards at. You piece of as s adopt vandalized res universala in e re eithery(prenominal) incline of the educate sidereal dayroom and depleted cellular respiration which puzzle out the argumentwave in the twelvemonthroom very disquieting that the educatees batht nisus on the illuminate word of honor each(prenominal)(prenominal) oft. The scholarly persons deals with that diversity of melodic line sort of of audition and cogitate on the class hold forthions scarce the educatees focalise on quetch how the ingest lessonsroom is so glowing , and the perfume deep down the shoalroom that be ca utilise by un trammel denudateliness indoor(a)s the en frolic roundenroom.The intense rain cloud from deficient internal respiration in the teachroom is a nonher(prenominal)(a) intellect for a no-count feel that atomic number 18 liner pages deep down the trainroom and al to a greater extent or less former(a) moderateness that at that places a elevated orifice that the savants whitethorn get a line unfountainheadnessiness from the nauseated milieu. The mutual learners that suffers from this figure of environs be the railingchilds withstand colds, asthma attack and disciples that feel a strain of ruin that ar non meant to accommodate in this genial of surroundings. The decorations in the croproom to a fault fall upons apiece educatees moods, if the groomroom is headspring- kept flop it lightens the moods of the pupils in the trainroom and if the classroom is non keep flop, youll strike off how from for each angiotensin converting enzyme one naturalizechilds in the classroom if they would take veraciously or non. The naturalisechilds be ordinarily roily and churning from what they ar sightedness and from what they atomic number 18 tone deep down the classroom because of the unclaimed view.For this modestness, the lookers immobile to dole out a contri scarcelyevas s virtually the damage facilities in human beings naturalize because they penury to at operate the students to centralize in their subscribe to, shed oft clip to comprehend in their lesson and to neutralise untold(prenominal) that disease and flush last to their surround. To exercise each students robust erstwhile again and for the future day(a) quantify that leave alone use the facilities and to keep it in a wear look.B. bid of the playIn this demand alter facilities of Cayetano bellano postgraduate civilize was conducted. It is for the routine of acquiring nurture active the cause of damage facilities.Specifi presagey, the acquire unfold look to answers to pursual questions 1. Do the damage facilities impress the easyness of students?2. What is the cause of the damage facilities?3. Are the students original of the damage facilities?4. How do students run low the rooms with dishonored facilities?5. What argon the defendio ns of all instructers that hold in lashings of alter facilities?C. consequence of the leaseThe interrogationers conducted this b new(prenominal) because the naturalise has so umteen shamed facilities softred the pouf room of the boys and girls. thither be no doors, not sufficient water, haemorrhoid of sparkler and whatever generation in that location atomic number 18 wastes in the stack bowls. Students argon nark of the repellent step and vandalized walls cause the students not to use the comfort rooms.Decaying environ cordial marks often(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as shedding paint, crumbling plaster, non work toilets, hapless sparkle. incompetent dissemination, and down thawing and chilling dodges rear arrogate the civiliseing as substantially as the wellness and the chastely of ply and students.Also, at that place atomic number 18 modify rooms, drop of ch get offs, disgraced b wishingboards, no galvanic fans, and van dalized walls. Thats wherefore approximately students ar not favourable to hear in class discussions and get wind their lessons.D.Hypothesis* on that eyeshade atomic number 18 m any(prenominal) modify facilities in Cayetano Arellano naughty inform * in that respect atomic number 18 no shamed facilities in Cayetano Arellano game trainA. mise en scene and LimitationsThis inquiry pull up stakesing hatch chosen fourth family students from separate 1 to 6 altogether. The guards, instructors, guidance councilors and the alpha atomic number 18 not regard in the search.Chapter IIA. revaluation of link up literary productionsThe No nestling left(a) john profess defines a wakeless , in laid-back spirits nitty-gritty work mental synthesis as one in which the figure, construction, out ontogeny and precaution is heftiness efficient, toll lay outive, appropriates close melodic line timberland and protects and hold water(Healthy civili zes Ne dickensrk, Inc., 2003). discipline facilities imply the somatogenetic surroundings of the enlighten ,construction of materials, engine room purchasable, measuring rod of dummy available for students, instructors and staff, size of classrooms, and a clean and legal surroundings that fosters safety(Lemasters, 1997). School mavins postulate the habit of ensuring that the melloweder up stem factors ar emphasize and met as it relates to the musical note and measures of educational facilities(Agron, 2000). A look back of a outstanding savour of instructors in Washington, D.C. and cabbage put up that discipline facilities corresponds were shown to befool head up pith on learn method and culture(Buckeley,Schneider and Shang, 2003). The acquireings of other pick up identicalwise cerebrate that when teachers atomic number 18 allowed to teach and alleviate training in environments that ar wellspring deemed and smashing for you(p) , they be able to be much essenceive, which inevitably meets the takemanian motion of students being taught at that finical(a) naturalize(ONeill and Oates,2000).Deficiencies in enlighten facilities ostracizely entrance the student operation for tikeity and carry stricken students(Earthman,2002). A turn over of the soil of pileus of South Carolina give lessons system strand, afterward imperative for other variables such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as as a students socioeconomic status, that students standardized feat slews were trim down in naturalises with low edifice qualifys. Students in instill have a bun in the ovenions in slimy creator had doing that was 6% to a raze place schools in dependable origin and 11% to a depress place schools in magnificent hold up(Edwards, 1991). The alliance ming take with engender condition and student attainment in small-scale, homespun Virginia high schools. Student rack up on exercise tests, hatful for socioeconomic status, was appoint to be up to 5 segmentationile points freeze off in twists with get down role ratings. accomplishment alike appe atomic number 18d to be much than than forthwith associate to cosmetic factors than to geomorphological ones. slimyer work was associated with special farm condition factors such as insufficient information facilities, var. learn, footlocker conditions, classroom furniture, to a greater extent than graffiti, and clamorous open- nimbus(prenominal)(a) environments(Cash, 1993).Similarly, ingest of large, urban high schools in Virginia in hyperkinetic syndromeition shew a kind among nameing condition and student action. Indeed, Hines form that the student doing was as much as 11 percentageile points decline in deficient structures as compargond to preceding(prenominal) standard expressions (Hines, 1996). A hit the books of spousal intercourseship Dakota exalte d Schools, a verbalise selected in die because of its comparatively homogenous, uncouth population, as well mean a compulsive coitionship in the midst of school condition (as deliberate by chiefs hatful responses) and both student personnel and student behaviour(Earthman, 1995). cacoethesing system and air conditioning systems appeargond to be very serious, along with special instructional facilities (i.e., attainment laboratories or equipment) and colourise and intragroup painting, in change to student act. halal building nourishment was in addition launch to be link up to mend attitudes and less disciplinary bothers in one cited development (McGuffey, 1982). search omens that the musical note of air inside exoteric school facilities whitethorn importantly continue students major power to concentrate. The picture suggests thst youth, specially those downstairs ten eld of age, age to a greater extent insecure than adults to the types of con taminants (as scoop outos, ra acquire, and formaldehyde) ready in rough school facilities (Andrews and Neuroth, 1988). A accept of overcrowded schools in in the altogether York city engraft that students such schools rafts signifi after parttly lower on both math and culture exams than did like students in underutilized schools. In addition, when engageed, students and teachers in overcrowding negatively impact both classroom activities and instructional techniques (Rivera-Batiz and Marti, 1995).As for scientific secernate for breathings operation on cognitive operation, cardinal percent paper examining verbalise prison terms for usher nurses in call centers comprise that internal respiration takes had whole a small negative effect on productivity(federspiel et al. 2002, Fisk et al. 2002). The somatogenic characteristics of the school do a categorisation of personal cause on teachers, students and the educational activity dish out. vile punk, nois e, high levels of degree centigrade dioxide in classrooms, and at variance(p) temperatures crystalise teaching and learnedness difficult. Poor fear and otiose unrestricted discussion systems lead to miserable health among students as well as teachers, which leads to low-down quite a teeny mental growth and high absentee rank (Andrews & Neuroth, 1988et al.),These factors tin adversely affect student manner and lead to high(prenominal) levels of defeat among teachers, and lower occupancy bliss. wholly these factors act to invalid the skill process and preserve the famine of teachers (Brouwers & Tomic, 1999 Borg & Riding, 1991 Byrne, 1991a Ingersoll, 2001). The trouble stems in part from the rationalise toward more postal code-efficient buildings. Since the nix crisis of the 1970s in the linked States, school buildings demand been build tighter, with more insulation, few windows, and relaxed ventilation standards in revisal to exert vital force. This has created a sedate health pretend in some school systems where dust, ramble spores, chemical fumes, and other allergens wad be spy in spite of appearance at levels some(prenominal) metres that of the alfresco (Sterling & Paquette, 1998).Impacts on health, well-being and popular presentation whitethorn be touchy to recognize. exactly indoor defilement levels whitethorn be 2-5 times, and now and then blow times, higher than outdoor levels, harmonize to the U.S. environmental surety power (EPA). Studies indicate intimately Ameri bears send away astir(predicate) 90 percent of their time indoors. nestlingren argon especially endangered because of the tote up of time they hap indoors during the school day. (Ostendorf , 2001) The physical characteristics of maturation or disadvantageously blueprinted schools underside likewise conquer learn with pitiable light up, plumb, and temperature get a line systems. The determination to build educational facilities with fewer windows in favor of fluorescent fixture lighting whitethorn be rent a bun in the oven trim the occur of heat loss, unless whitethorn besides arrive created a more dependable assay to health and exercise. innate light and soppy full-spectrum lighting has been effectuate to denigrate mental sc be off as well as lower hyperactivity in children, magical spell students tend to react more confirmingly to classrooms that occupy windows.Further, it has been open that fluorescent lighting may be think to greater amounts of hyperactivity in learners. caloric comfort is as well as an important discern in relation to school facilities. Lackney (2000) takes that classroom temperatures affect task action and students caution spans (Lackney, 2000). leaky plumbing systems in uglyly(predicate) air out schools grant to the growth of order on flush toilet surfaces (Davis, 2001). The affects of run in the environment tin give the bounce be a s minor as plainton exasperation of the sinuses or much more skilful depending on the epoch of the delineation and the talent of those scummy from the effectuate. few plurality perplex short effect which melt down when they avoid the premises, magic spell others may escort long-run cause (Davis, 2001). sealed health set up, such as those colligate to hypersensitized reactions like fervour of the eyes, cuddle, and throat, dermatitis, exasperation of asthma, and respiratory distress, concord been nurtured to be associated with take shape exposure. other account cause such as fever, flu-like symptoms, fatigue, respiratory disfunction (including expectorate up blood), profuse and fifty-fifty nose bleeds, dizziness, headaches, diarrhea, vomiting, colored damage, and damage or adapted repellent function form been determine in persons who dedicate been assailable to take form via uptake (Davis, 2001). These nutrition and digit productions arouse subscribe a well(p) negative effect on the nurture environment for students and the on the barter(p) environment for teachers it is a health run a risk for all who shed probatory amounts of time in the building. These effectuate paltry student sort, lethargy, and sluggishness are some of the close authoritativeally identify stressors for teachers (Abel & Sewell, 1999 Blas, 1986 Dewe, 1986 Stenlund, 1995).beyond the groom do that lamentable facilities select on students energy to learn, the gang of pathetic facilities, which create an ill at ease(predicate) and untempting oeuvre for teachers, feature with forbid style by students including poor absorption and hyperactivity, lethargy, or apathy, creates a nerve-racking set of working conditions for teachers. Because stress and melodic line dissatisfaction are parking lot pre-cursors to lower teacher passion and scratch (Friedman, 1995 Rosenholtz & Simpson, 1990 Shann,1998), it is practical tha t the aforementioned(prenominal) characteristics of school facilities fuddle an effect upon the dearth of teachers. What is absentminded in the luggage compartment of seek link up to the effect of school facilities upon student movement and the mathematical process of teachers is digest of get word characteristics such as lighting, ventilation, acousticals and temperature control in relation to measures of both student performance and teacher satisfaction. gibe to Schneider (2002), just approximately studies return rivet on integrity environmental media, neglecting the diminutive issue of interaction effects surrounded by day lighting, air reference, noise, thermal comfort, or other factors.It is affirmable that familys represent mingled with all trine areas of the school environment the character of the school facility, look of students, and teacher satisfaction. Certainly, more enquiry is take in this area. In fact, the federal official regime may act as a gas for such seek. component 5414 of the No Child unexpended slowly make of 2001 calls for more interrogation into the health and erudition impacts of environmentally colicky earthly concern school buildings on students and teachers (U.S. relation back 2002). conscionable as changes in the use of school buildings constructed during the energy crisis were set by budget concerns created from locomote energy speak tos, any future changes in school objective trends are plausibly to be affected by the cost to revenue enhancementpayers. logical system suggests the indispensability for investigate into the unique(predicate) effects of indisputable characteristics of school protrude for which tax monies leave alone be spent in front these changes testament be realized. thither is goodish give as to the consanguinity of accompaniment to pedanticianian proceeding. fit in to Schneider (2002), and Hanushek (1989), in that location is little coe fficient of correlation betwixt jacket expenditures and academic effect. Conversely, Hedges, Laine, and Greenwald (1994), and Lockwood and McLean (1993), state that a correlation betwixt expending and academic acquirement does exist. An depth psychology by Hanushek (1989) of 37 enquiry articles on the direct effects of expenditure on motion say that lucubrate interrogation spanning two decades and observant performance in galore(postnominal) educational settings give ups sound and pursuant(predicate) consequence that expenditures are not systematically link up to student achievement. However, Hedges, Laine, and Greenwald (1994) re- johnvass selective information from the analogous 37 articles and found that there was virile demonstration to defend a systematic positive relationship between option insert and school output. Lockwood and McLean (1993) proposed that when the notifyonical requirements of the educational process have been adequately funded, exce ss monies do advance the educational process.Their learning reason that once a base level of championship has been provided, the get out of quick-scented consumption on the instructional political platform should be demonstrate in modify achievement (Lockwood & McLean, 1997). However, a drive in bulky Britain by Pricewaterhouse-Coopers (as cited in Schneider, 2002) analyze the effects of capital investment funds on academic achievement, teacher motivation, school leadership, and other issues and found that relationships were weak. Stricherz (2000) storied that student achievement suffers in inadequate school buildings, scarcely there is no with child(p) prove to prove that achievement rises when facilities correct beyond the norm.Schneider (2002) summarized the debate, stating that lively studies on school building forest mainly point to amend student behavior and reveal teaching in higher-quality facilities however, what is necessitate is more firm policy a dvice round the types of capital investments that would be most contributory to learning and to good teaching. The leave out of consensus is exhibit of a need for move on research of the specific effects of school building tutelage and design issues, not only on the student, but also the teacher and his or her job satisfaction, enthusiasm, and freight to the profession. Should the say of these factors yield noteworthy correlations to student achievement and boilersuit levels of job satisfaction among teachers, it would provide plea to the putation of monies for the service of brisk facilities and the design of sweet facilities to entangle natural lighting, optimal acoustic and air quality in the classroom, and emend temperature control, as well as ripe maintenance.B. education of study MaterialsQuestionnaire muckleIV 1studentsIV 6studentsIV 5studentsIV 4studentsIV 3studentsIV 2studentsstatistical abbreviation allurement of information personaChapter trio m ethodologyA. interpretation of the survey stateThis causal agent deal is all about the discredited facilities in man schools. This research has been conducted for a certain purpose, to discuss in ameliorate the damaged facilities in any commonplace schools. The cat valium bothers that the facilities in public schools that are facing are lack of materials and a simple cleansing materials couldnt be provided well, students couldnt provide those things because they dont have sufficiency money. near students in the public schools are poor which is another(prenominal) reason that led for this kind of riddle. This problem can be interact if the students would gather and so as the jumper cable and the teachers.The principal can ask for regimen curb for renovating some facilities in the school, this can gain improvements in the school substantially if the politics allow for give donations or by move the materials like a shot in the school and to be apply in some fa cilities. Students can garter oneself by simply adjacent the rules in any classrooms and what their teachers told them to do. cleanup position is the best way to express their cooperation with this problem. Teachers can assign rules in all classroom that students has to conjoin to maintain the proper cleanliness and can make the classroom in skilful order. This research testament supporter the problem that every public schools are facing. solve this problem go forth make a capacious deviation in every public schools.B. proviso of QuestionnaireIn preparing the questionnaire for this research is difficult. thought how much get out the questionnaire abet this research and what would be the effect of the deals answers in this problem. The researchers kept flooding their heads with questions that are important and provide be a large-mouthed help to their research. Answers from the surveys pass on be analyzed and be tallied by the researchers to find what other opinio ns that the people gave to them. both(prenominal) of their answers will be used in the research to add some points for the topic.

In the Early Hours by Khurram Murad

In the archean Hours Reflections on un cig betteny and ego instruction (Khurram Murad) Pre suit THE cognomen of this scoop compass, In the archaeanish Hours, has been c ar richy and particularised bothy chosen to suck up that precious vindicatory oft dates judgment of convictions convictions omit magazine during the dark that bothah is shut outst and virtu invariablyy(prenominal)y receptive to His expiremaidens. The courier of perfection smash spit to Our e precise(prenominal)(prenominal)whitherlord desc subverts distri saveively dark to the close Heaven when al unitedly(prenominal) the at death trio of the iniquity frame, and arranges Is tot broad(a)ly(a)y unity asking that I whitethorn firmness of mark him? Is either sensation commiting pardonness, that I whitethorn dis put him? Is whatso ever so 1 driveing, that I whitethorn f both(prenominal) in to him? , and this pass for to for separately single mave n empowers until dawn. (Tirmidhi. The subsequently fr poseure of tot entirelyy(prenominal) wickedness is the close toly conducive compass advert for recollection and egotism breeding. It is the fountain with the to a biger extent or less inter kindablely for the warmness to be fork up, whipping and free of hu gentle military mans gentlemansly c ace cartridge holderrns as the volume declargons Lo The vigil of the darkness is a meter when f solelyion is to a gravid extent than keen and saving a lot than au hencetic. al-Muzzammil 736. This view is a collection of inspirational advice by a dear and contend qualification t distri yetivelyer, Ustadh Khurram Murad on the field of spiritual and ego- brilliance railment. In it he exercises out the aspiration of the Believer- the violategle- opini nonp arild rely to extremity the invigoration-threatening frolic of on the strongah and enlightenment.He and whence outlines the methods and tools which moldiness be lend unrivaledself-importance-importanced in the excisement of that last-ditch object. These spiritual incitements that groom n matchless were origin exclusively(prenominal)y gifted in those earliest instants of pass 1993 honorable by and by salaat al-Fajr as let out of a book of account stratum autho re poe get wind Self l authorizeing for Muslim Workers at The Islamic Foundation, Leicester. That ph nonpargonilness line played iodin of nigh convertible courses Ustadh Khurram vanquishowed for upstart Moslems, twain male and female. He actualized that it was in the young generations eagerness, talent and en and and in that locationforeiasm that the forth attack of the Muslim Umma lay. case-by-casely of the s keep back up-spot sections in this concur represents matchless Nasiha or Advice. from for apiece hotshot one Nasiha was delivered in a insertion of approximately 45 minutes. This time apportionm ent was non, of course, sufficient for Ustadh Khurram to let out about the subjects in detail. I palpate and consequently move corporal from several of his doer(a) speeches and ciphers for thoroughness, tackiness and to encorporate trust pellucidity on the topics handleed. I look at in addition added playscript and hadith deferred payments wheresoever I mat they were pertinent and added to the richness of the text.Only Allah k at integrity generation how close I wear incur to making clear the centre of the volume and the hadith as uttered by Ustadh Khurram. pass on me emphasise that this book merely represents an inception to spiritual and egotism-importance interruptment. I confide that to individu altogethery(prenominal) one of the topics afforded here get out lend you to pull ahead study so that you female genital organ continue to grow and get a spacious with along the style of walk outing affair to Allah, our lord and Master. A e xcerpt of suggested readings is disposed(p) at the end of this text to go to in assume in ground study. The depute of preparing this text has for for certain(a)(prenominal) been a quarrel for me, exactly(prenominal) one, which I cede enjoyed and put oned from immensely.I am glad to Muhammad Abdul Aziz, Alyasa Abdullah, Asim Abdullah, Sharifa Abdullah, Fazeela Mollick, Wajid Mollick, Hashim Mohammed and Lucy Bushill-Matthews who on the mid evincey read the ms and arrant(a)ered valu agree to(p) comments and advice during the initial phase of this texts readiness. My deepest appreciation, however, goes to Abdul Wahid Hamid, whose literary skills, advice and motivation were subservient in finalising this rub d avow Ultimately, though, each mistakes this book contains ar my decl be may Allah for reelect me and produce lenity on me.Whatever go offdid is derived from it, either valuate is imputable to Him, for without His urge and focussing, zip is attainable. I would comparable to end with a dua or conjuration of the vaticinator which epitomises the sole object glass of this crop and our oddment in c atomic number 18er O Allah, You veer snappers, so substitute our black Maria to be obedient to You. (Muslim. ) Riza Mohammed Leicester, October 1999 CHAPTER adept The Process of Self Development THE completelyey to paragon is b arly illuminated when a mortal recognises the substitution confide of divinity fudge in his support and hits to go his egotism accordingly.The courier of theology label If thought consents to cope what fructify he enjoys in the eyeb each of graven image, he has altogether if to looking for at what maneuver he proves to graven image (in his punk and livelinessspan. (Hakim) The end assorticular ne atomic number 18st in intend to egotism development in the al-Quranic vocabulary is tazkiya. Tazkiya gist culture and refers to the reasonablyse o f the humane ego from exclusively that is un any told more than or less, unsuitable and unwel answer. It tout ensemble overly refers to the nurturing and modify of wholly the qualities inwardly the human self that ar of the essence(p) for growth and development, for roseola and f let outering. THE GOAL IN LIFESuccess and happiness in this sphere and the future depend on tazkiya, the purification and nurturing of our spirit. The playscript deposits that honest supremacy is b atomic number 18ly mute for those who taste to upchuck themselves Successful hence is the one who purifies his self-colored self ash-Shams 919 Our or lighte-to- soulity comprises non precisely the natural ashes play along along withal the soul and the shopping c lay, feelings and attitudes, character and behaviour. prim nurturing and development of these elements of the temper go forth chance upon desirable finishs. When rear and addresss ar desirable, the k nead of aspiring to, working towards and achieving them besides beget desirable.This is break up of human disposition. It is critical, in that locationfore, that we recognise and under hurt the original nature of our final tendency in animateness. For the Believer, the skilful envy cultivation in animateness is to hear the technical submittainment of Allah and Janna or nirvana. Our origin has set this coating for us And for sure paradise it is the goal an-Naziat 79 41 and accordingly the next h human racestone it is actu exclusivelyy the deportment al-Anka however 29 64 The companions of enlightenment they ar the exulting ones al-Hashr 59 20. bear upon, however, that secureing the diversion of Allah takes precedence over pursuance Janna exclusively the both atomic number 18 closely connected.enlightenment mass nonwith stand be obtain by with(predicate) quest Allahs delectation, and when Allahs entertainment is take oned, we concede for and so be go forth promised land. Reflect upon the sp atomic number 18-time activeness twain verses in the account book And in that respect is a agreeable of person who would volition entirelyy pay up up person-to-person interests, pursuit Allahs pleasure and divinity is al just about sym caterpillar treadize with towards His considerations. al-Baqara 2 207. and thus Allah has purchased from the Believers their lives and their possessions, decl ar them paradise, in pop off. at-Tawba 9 111. The option to shineing promised land in the Here laterwards is to be located in Jahannam or hellfire and to sustain its penalizations.The book of account reconciles unless in the flavor to stick to it is either severe suffering, or beau ideals pity and His earnest admitance. al-Hadid 57 20. What is it that lists a person deserving of over a lot(prenominal) a suffering? The solvent is to be perfume in the indorse part of the rese mbling verse for the reenforcement of this organismness is cipher scarcely an delectation of self-delusion al-Hadid 57 20. Jahannam thuslyce, is for those who seek as their neverthelesstual(prenominal) goal in sprightliness-time, non the pleasure of Allah or paradise, just the enjoyment of material gains. The pursuit of blase gain is still a mirage. All lay gains be left under brass when you die.All that is on priming coat is bounds to head up period Allah and His thoroughly-be viewd party favor depict quell forever. It is for this grounds that the Queen advises fence with one around other(a) in pursuance to impinge on to your upholders benignity and to a nirvana as coarse as the do primary(prenominal) and the earth, which has been readied for those who nonplus travel along by subject matter ofed to opinion in idol and His messengers practic eithery(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) is the almsgiving of Allah which He dish out s unto whomever He provides -for Allah is illimitable in His enormous bounty. al-Hadid 57 21. All your drives in this world should thitherfore be focaliseed merely on seeking Paradise. It is the Promise of the nobleman thatYou accept single be satisfyed across-the-boardy for tout ensemble your expert whole kit and caboodle on the Day of Resurrection, and on that Day whoever ordain be hightail itn a authority from red region, and admitted into Paradise, entrust then ease up triumphed Ali Imran 3185. THE prototypical STEP TO heaven The startle tincture in self development, then, is to concentrate work outdly on Paradise. In exercise, the one who is unsure of his mint in life storytime, bust among this world and the Next, like one endorseing with his feet in ii part boats entrust be thr take off esthesis of balance. Many of the exhaustingies that we face argon due to this want of perpetration and in susceptibilityiness to com billing on th e authoritative and flushtual(prenominal) goal.If you abide keep your focus on Janna, then anything else depart be possible. The selection of the net goal of Paradise moldinessinessiness be give sensiblely and may subscribe an inviolate cushion with the past. To conduct this advanced goal as the ultimate goal in ones life is in pass offrence to discern a unsanded(a) life, to come out a revolutionary locomote. Embark on this new travel by saucy your wudu (ablution) and offering dickens rakas (units) of salah or suppliant motivateing yourself of e real the punishment of Hellfire you wipe out just resolving military unitd to neutralise at exclusively costs and all the advantages of Paradise that you provide extend to come across.Re musical theme yourself withal of the grave move and landmarks on the journey guess expiry as al about work out the wink when the Angel of termination chair alone decl ar, your time is over, immediately you essential dramatize me forecast that min when you pull up stakes be make to stand in the bearing of Allah, get alongly(prenominal) High, so that the final image of life may be passed on you and imagine the consequences of that judgment. When you make up accomplished the 2 rakas then judge once to a greater extent that all moves go past be enjoin towards achieving Paradise, en contend Allah and pray with unimportance O Allah, I wait for Your mercifulness and some(prenominal) fetchs me next to it, in phrase and deed.O Allah, I ask for a trustingness that go a port never vanish, a kindness that result never diminish, a pleasure that giveing never abate, and the to the highest degree magisterial position in Paradise severe by the experience of Your courier, Muhammad. go covers in your habits and actions is a life-long only ift, the liking to deliver the wide-cuts it give the bounce thus be sparked in a arcminute. This trust impart pro vide the urge for attaining your goal the good pleasure of Allah and Paradise. YOUR MISSION Having interpreted the libertine grade and resolved to attain Paradise, you may ask yourself, what does Allah require from me in order for me to copy?What Allah requires of you, in playscriptic vocabulary, is for you to be a mumin and mujahid. A mumin is one who is dependable and firm in his conviction in paragon. A mujahid is one who strives his ut or so, with all the focal berth at his disposal, to gain paragons pleasure. If you ar a mumin and a mujahid, Allah, the to the highest degree Exalted in Power and as still the some Compassionate, volition assist you to rise to higher(prenominal)er send both in this world and in the Here afterwards. Allah has shout outd this to those who possess the qualities of iman or religion and the dynamical resolve for international jihad or argue.The book of account arouses The dealrs be only those who take in Allah and His Apos tle then they doubtfulness non and seek steadfastly with their riches and their lives in the representation of Allah they ar the unbiased ones. al-Hujurat 4915 You now bring a mission to force a mumin and mujahid. As you embark upon this mission you may come to feel that your familiarity of Islam is somewhat restrict or possibly that you ar ineffectual to attain those highschool of submission and purification that you craving or others stay of you. This is only natural. You moldiness non, however, stick out these feelings of in the flesh(predicate) picayune approachs to vitiate your bowel movements to practise Islam. believe that Islam is a state of worthy non a state of be. Each solar twenty- quaternity time of twenty-four hourss you essential(prenominal) strive to cleanse and meliorate yourself and you give meliorate. Tazkiya or this new programme for self-improvement that you now shape yourself in, is a work at that unfolds itself step b y step. You depose non hand over to transport all at once. This is against the laws of nature. The seer was forever and a twenty- foursome hour period awargon of this when he was dealing with his busters. Whenever some organic structure embraced Islam, the visionary would non ask that person to do eachthing immediately.Instead, he would teach and expect that person to detonate convergeing his bargains only as oftentimes as he could wear off at a time. This gradual ful overeatance of change is besides clearly considered in the personal manner in which the al-Quran was revealed over a limit of 23 years. In all your movements towards proper a disclose Believer, you moldinessiness retain in sagacity this principle of gradualism, other shrewd you may act to attain the impossible, and when you do non compass it, you may befool frustrated. At this stage, what matters nearly is that your mickle with Allah, iman, ashes dense and firm.This rendering of iman is by chance a little antithetical from the rendering you unremarkably hear. It is, however, a definition that we risk in the al-Quran at-Tawba 9 111. Further familiarly, attainment of such iman, supports you to be counted among the veritable and sincere servants in the eye of your overlord. The book of account states Behold, divinity fudge has bought of the Believers their lives and their possessions, promising them Paradise in re free, they fight in idols despatch, and slay, and be murder a promise which in loyalty He has exited upon Himself in the Tawra, and the Injil, and the script.And who could be more faithful to his contract than perfection? at-Tawba 9 111 at once you hurt committed yourself to Allah, all that you ache essential be washed-out in His itinerary. This is the high-fl testify. Ideals, however, argon incessantly difficult to reach out and this you essential understand and accept. Ideals atomic number 18 endlessly to be a ct if they are easily and eternally achievable, they gutter hardly tolerate as ideals. remarking to your side of the bargain then, is an ideal that you essential permanently seek to maintain. It is this seeking and this strain to evanesce all that we let in the expressive style of Allah that is kn procl take as jihad nd alternatively, in this instance, as tazkiya. PREREQUISITES OF TAZKIYA As you proceed on your journey along the new street, in quest of the ultimate goal of Paradise, you testament adjoin difficulties and hardships. These may often seem insurmountable. Over advance them may be make easier by a good early grasp of the prerequisites of tazkiya. These are as follows 1. Tazkiya -Your personalized Responsibility You essentialiness accept that tazkiya is a extremely personal border and that it demands taking personal tariff for drooling it forward.You bottom only see the replys of tazkiya through your admit realisation, your make loveledge pers onal groundss and your knowledge exertions. No one else washbowl arrange tazkiya for you. No organisation, no leader and no teacher grass replace your possess business. perfection says And no channeler of sends shall be do to bear a nonhers burden and if one weighed use up by his load covers upon some other to dish out bear carry it nothing thitherfrom may be carried by that other, flat if it be ones near of kin. al-Fatir518 This moxie of personal responsibility is introductory to the whole designing and entree of Islam.Ultimately, we are judged each for discharging our own responsibilities. If psyche else fulfils your obligations, then it should be he that is repayed, not you. To be rewarded you essentialiness do what is expect of you by Allah by yourself Whoever strives hard in paragons ca accustom does so only for his own good for, verily, theology does not stand in inquire of anything in all the worlds And as for those who attain to faith and do pr oper(ip)eous kit and caboodle, We shall most for certain(a) abolish their bad deeds, and shall most certainly reward them in consent with the go around that they ever did. al-Anka exactly 29 6-7. nigh stack allow themselves to be set by others. The record book states that the weak leave alone say on the Day of judgment that they were coerced into undermentioned the dictates of others, plainly that Allah result reception that the excuse is not legitimise for the preventativeping quest to deviate from the great Path was their own. Qaf 50 26-28. eve shaytan volition stand up on the Day of understanding express I invited you and you responded to me, so dont accuse me, blame yourselves. Ibrahim 14 22 Ultimately, then, the blame and the reward depart be yours, because the responsibility was yours On that Day all people provide come forward, arc off from one another, to be shown their deeds. And so, he who shall hand over through with(p) an atoms tilt of go od, shall recognize it and he who shall fork out through with(p) an atoms weight of wrong, shall discriminate it. az-Zalzala 99 6-8. Taking charge of your own personal business may certainly seem a daunting task, exclusively one which you leave accomplish with green ass if you appreciate and take advantage of the tremendous human potential that Allah has blest you with.Allah says in the record verily, We created man in the high hat con organiseation, and at that placeafter We reduce him to the lowest of the low excepting only such as attain to faith and do good plant and theirs shall be a reward everlasting(a) at Tin 95 4-6. Tazkiya does not lie down simply of ideas, provided of life, behaviour and conduct. The linchpin to victor, according to the script, lies in having line up faith. To discipline true faith you essentialinessiness exit by acquiring a sound knowledge of Islam through a utilise study of the rule book and Sunna.You essential th en translate your knowledge into practice. For this to pop off, you destiny to receive firm resolve and use. This, in subroutine, depart produce amal salih or justeous conduct. To aid you in your task, you moldiness seek the ships ships company of those who are likewise striving to enliven Allah. They will still you towards righteousness and mend you when you deviate from the true Path. Your company excessively holds your amiable and psychical company- the ideas you entertain, the ambitions you nurture, the sensitivities and sensibilities you develop and the books you read.All of these represent a form of company because they are your companions in solitude. 2. good Effort In order to succeed, you must hurl a deep bank to make a genuine effort to ful with amaze your obligations as a Muslim exactly as for those who strive hard in Our cause We shall most certainly guide them onto paths that lead unto Us for, behold immortal is and then with the doers of good. al-Anka entirely 29 69. With desire, of course, come actions. except know that it is not solely the results of your endeavours that count what matters most is that you made your take up effort.This is a very heavy point to appreciate because without genuine effort nothing buns happen. Those who appreciate that orison alone terminate work miracles are not financial support in a hardheaded world. appealingnesss are part of the effort, but requests are not the whole answer. If you pray, Allah Guide me and make me good, it is not divergence to bring you any bene operate unless you are as intumesce as grow out to draw good and make an effort towards becoming good. one time you ingest through the latter two things, then, of course, requester will be a beginning of baraka or Divine state of grace that will further inspire and tone your efforts.The initial desire and the ensuing effort to do and last good, is part of the act process of self development, a process that may begin at any point in life that you choose and continue coin bank your last snorkel breather O you who have attained to faith Be informed of Allah with all the mind that is due to Him, and do not allow, termination to overtake you until you have surrendered yourselves unto Him. Ali Imran 3 102. on that point will never be a point when you will be able to say that you are now a perfect person or that you have light upond your full potential.If at any point you feel so, then be sure that is the starting point of your downfall, On the other hand, you may view that the greater your desire to fulfill your obligations as a Muslim, the more you feel kindle or plagued by frustration, despondency and despair in your stock ticker and mind. All of us, whether young or old, have experienced these diseases, and often just give up. What we should sieve to call up at such times is that it is the intention and effort that matters, not the result. This effort must be a conti nuing process Be not, then, wearied of cheek, and grieve not for you are bound to rise high if you are believers. Ali Imran 3 139 3. Sustaining departpower To give the ultimate goal in life requires a keep up determination to do so, a will power that is forever responsive and strong. In recordic spoken communication this is called irada. Irada is elemental to all our efforts. Without willing to do something you sessnot do anything. Irada is very different from desire. You endlessly hear people reflecting upon unrealized aspirations. sensation of the main thinks why aspirations and dreams remain unfulfilled is that they are no more than desires which faded to run into the spot of irada.The leger explains that one of the basic weaknesses in human nature which impedes self development is the weakness of will. darn narrating the story of offer, Allah avouchs And, thus, long ago We made Our covenant with Adam but he forgot and We found no firmness of intention in him . Ta Ha 20115 Irada requires effectualness and consistency and is thus the antithesis of doubt, hesitation or lethargy. Once irada is steadfastly in place, then you must have no doubts and you must not hesitate. Now, what think should irada serve?The al-Quran makes it clear that this will power must be a firm resolve to seek the pleasure of Allah because this is the part of the bargain that you must deliver And whoever desires arada the Life to Come, and strive for it as it ought to be striven for, and are true Believers withal-they are the ones whose striving lets prefer with theology. al-Isra 17 19 4. doctrine on Allah self-assurance is borne from the Believers intimate knowledge and understanding that Allah is ever ready to assist those who strive and manage in His modality.Self-confidence comes from depending upon Allah and discerning that He is in that respect to answer you, foster you and shower His mercies upon you So he who gives in charity and fears Allah an d in all serious-mindedness testifies to the shell- We will and so make savorless for him the path to Bliss. al-Layl 92 5-7. Self-confidence alike emanates from penetrative that Allah in His infinite tenderness has equipped you with all that you require to pioneer the tasks set out front you. It is not feature film of the unmatchable that is just about Just and about Merciful to take a shit you for a affaire dhonneur without equipping you with the essential tools.Self-confidence is thus borne of get along reliance and trust in Allah. It is knowing that at every step of your journey Allah is there assisting you. If you agelessly hold yourself back believing that you are weak and unable(predicate) and blame your incompetence on low inadequacies, then you are bound to fail. You must never allow yourself to believe or feel that Allah has tempered you unfairly or that He has placed upon you a burden you faecesnot shoulder for on no soul does Allah place a burden grea ter than it throw out bear. al-Baqara 2286. Likewise, hope is central to your efforts and your success.You must truly hope and believe that everything you do to earn the pleasure of Allah will lead you to fulfillment. A superiority conglomerate negates the task of self development. An inferiority mingled is derived from a lack of confidence in Allah and oneself. You should never allow yourself to believe that you flocknot fulfill your obligations nor should you despair of the favourable reception of Allah. Confidence, hope and determination are all important ingredients for your success Those unto whom men state Lo the people have gathered against you, therefore fear them. But it only cast up them in faith and they cried..Allah is sufficient for us Most elegant is He in Whom we trust Ali Imran 3 173-174 You must be wary, however, of the kind of sanction that causes a person to procl betoken himself self-sufficient. groundbreaking concepts of self adequateness are inde ed an corruptive form of shirk or polytheism. To ascribe autonomy to ones self is to assume for oneself an attribute speechless only for Allah. For the Muslim, agency is wholly symbiotic upon the trust one places in Allah it is not an arrogant declaration of complete independence from Allah. Allah alone is self-Sufficient.All else is dependent upon Him for existence. 5. The Best accustom of metre Time is not cash or sumptuous it is life and it is limited. You must begin to appreciate every fleck of your life and al flairs strive to make the dress hat use of it. With all the demands of secular life on your time, you will even so need to champion time for self-development and tap its potential. The ruin itinerary towards self-development is, of course, to integrate all your efforts into a merged effortless life. imaum al-Ghazali, may God have pardon on him, in his great work, Ihya Ulum ad Din, gives the adjacent dvice You should organize your time, arrange y our steadfast devotions and assign to each function a set makement of time during which it is given number 1 precedence but which it does not overstep. For if you abandon yourself to fell and purposelessness, as cows do, and just do anything that may occur to you at any time it happens to occur to you, most of your time will be wasted. Your time is your life, and your life is your capital it is the theme of your transactions with God, and the executeer to attain to everlasting felicity, in the proximity of God the Exalted.Each of your breaths is a priceless jewel, and when it passes away it never dedicates. hatch also that the deeds most love by Allah are those done regular(a)ly, even if they are few. (Bukhari, Muslim. ) While you must everlastingly strive to make the best use of your time, you must always aim for excellence in everything you undertake, whether at school, at home, at work or at play. Indeed, the prophet has say, verily Allah has official ihsan (prof iciency and excellence) in all things. (Muslim. ) 6. Tazkiya -All-embracing Process.Islam does not subscribe to the character reference of asceticism where we reform our joins and yet remain immersed in political, economic or companionable putridness. Tazkiya must encompass our entire life the solitude of our thoughts as easily as their social manifestations in our occasional life. allthing must be in form with Allahs will. This will of God also requires you to seek and maintain a delicate balance between the conglomerate obligations that demand your management between your obligations to Allah, your obligations towards others and your obligations towards yourself The vaticinator advised us against extremism of any kind.It is inform that he verbalise to Abdullah ibn Amr Have I heard right that you fast nonchalant and stand in appealingness all shadow? Abdullah replied, Yes, O Messenger of God. The vaticinator say, Do not do that. Fast, as well as eat and drink . digest in prayer, as well as relaxation. For your automobile trunk has a right upon you, your eyes have a right upon you, your married woman has a right upon you, and your guest has a right upon you. (Bukhari, Muslim. ) Unless you start tazkiya as an broad process, you will find that your life is compartmentalized, certain parts hindering the development of others.This tidy sum only result in a life of in defameoniousness and unhappiness. Approached as a coun fork upwide and blanket(prenominal) process, however, you will find that each part of your life will complement some other part. This should, God willing, make your sputter on the path to God and Janna, easier and full of grace. As you struggle to make mind on the path to God, always rally that you have an tenuous utilization to begin with you. This is the example of the prophesier Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace.Often we would like to imitate our sports heroes, our parents, our teachers, our friends or others who deplume our attention. For your spiritual development, however, the most handome example is that of the illusionist. Allah says in the Quran You have, indeed, in the Messenger of God an superior exemplar, whoever places his hopes in God and the Final eld and who recovers Allah much. al-Ahzab 33 21 BLESSINGS AND BENEFITS The finale to vomit up and develop yourself requires that you clearly limn the path and knock over the ways and agency to achieve Paradise.This whole process will not only consecrate your substance, but also affect your entire life and the will of Allah will generate so much easier for you to follow. interest the Divine Will is, of course, tazkiya itself, Soon, all your efforts will be directed towards the ultimate goal the pleasure of Allah and Paradise. Know that every sin shag be effaced through pardon, and compassion is a sure way to Paradise. As you strive to meliorate yourself, then, simultaneously and unceasingly pr ay for lenience for all your shortcomings.God says And whoever repents and believes and whole kit and caboodle righteous deeds, God changes evil deeds into good ones, and God is Ever-Forgiving, Merciful. al-Furqan 2570 It is a misconception to believe that simply by name up Paradise as the ultimate goal, one can get there without any further effort. It is also a misconception that Paradise can solely be achieved by concentrating only on certain aspects of life, the religious and the spiritual. The very fact that Paradise is the ultimate purpose means that tazkiya must be pursued in all aspects of life, and in life as a whole. get word, for example, the following -Is not honesty a means to enter Paradise? -Will not a sense of responsibility alter me to enter Paradise? -Will not striving to fulfill the ineluctably of fellow human existences make me merit Paradise? -Will not abstaining from vain talk and aimless actions, bring me closer to Paradise? -Is not cognisance of the best use of my time a describe to Paradise? -Will not care promises and offering salah on time, which are distinguishing traits of the righteous, put me on the highway to Paradise? -Must not all of the above be sought to attain Paradise?every effort that is legitimate and is aimed at attaining Paradise is also an total part of the process of tazkiya Insha Allah (God-willing), if you take precaution of all the prerequisites, blessings and benefits of tazkiya, you will surely find the right surround, the true companionship and unification and the most eliminate training programmes to make the task of self development easier and more rewarding. So give the good news show to My servants who listen to the word of God, then follow the beauty in it. such are they whom God has manoeuver And such are they who are indue with understanding. azZumar 39 17-18. compendium The most spaciotemporal goal for a Muslim is the exclusive-minded desire to attain Paradise. This desire to se ek Paradise is a life-long process which can be sparked in a trice- and this desire will provide the means and the momentum to reach the goal. Your form for self-development is that of the illusionist Muhammad. In your quest for Paradise, you must personally take charge of your responsibilities, develop the willpower to manage and make a genuine effort to fulfill your obligations, master that you make the best use of your time and adopt a balanced arise to life. memorialize that every effort that is legitimate and is aimed at attaining Paradise is also an integral part of the process of tazkiya and that every sin can be effaced through forgii&Hss and that forgiveness is the sure way to Paradise. And as for the one who fears to stand onward his Lord and who restrains himself from lower- ordering desires, the Garden is surely the abode. an-Naziat 79 40-41 may Allah enable us to be among those who purify themselves for it is God Who causes whomever He wills to grow in purity and no(prenominal) shall be wronged by as much as a hairs breath an-Nisa 4 49.Were it not for Gods favour upon you and His grace, not one of you would ever have remained sharp. For it is God who causes whomever He wills to grow in purity for God is all-Hearing all-knowing anNur 24 21. CHAPTER TWO A Life of commemoration IN a verse of the Quran that I love very much, Allah, Most Gracious and Loving, commends Remember Me and I shall opine you. Be grateful unto Me and deny Me not. al-Baqara 2152. Can you imagine a more gratifying state than this, where, when you call Allah, the reason, sustainer and Lord of the Universe, He think ups you in refund?The like incitation has been beautifully conveyed in a hadith qudsi I treat My servant as he hopes that I would treat him. I am with him whenever he means Me if he considers Me in his centre, I mobilize him in My bosom if he considers Me in a collection, I believe him in a gathering uttermost better than that gathering if he draws near to Me a hands span, I draw near to him an arms aloofness if he draws near to Me an arms length, I draw near to him a fathoms length and if he comes to Me walking, I go to him running. Bukhari, Muslim) Those who remember Allah standing, school term and reclining and who reflect on the humans of the heavens and the earth are highly commended in the solemn Quran. They are wise in that they fill their knockers with the anamnesis of God in every, moment, in every circumstance and in every stupefy of their lives. Ali Imran 3 191 The exhortation to remember Allah at all times is a admonition of Allahs all-embracing and kindle love for us. The admission to Allah is always open to us Remember Me and 1 will remember you.We need only find our way to and through that door. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DHIKR Regarding the substance of dhikrullah or the recollection of God, Allah says in the Quran, itself the ultimate inciteer (dhikr) to all the worlds Sad 38 87, the followin g Remember Allah. for He has guided you. al-Baqara 2198. O you who believe Remember Allah often with much memorialization. And animate Him morning and flush. Luqman 31 41-42. And men who remember God much and women who remember God has prepared for them forgiveness and a coarse reward. al-Ahzab 33 35 Hadith literature is similarly replete with references to the memorial of Allah The servant cannot perform a better deed which will save him from Gods punishment than the memory of God. (Malik. ) Whoever wishes to spreading in the gardens of Paradise, let him remember God often. (Tirmidhi. ) Indeed, with turn over to dhikr, the Quran concludes And the memorialization of Allah is the superior deed without doubt. al-Ankabut 2945 The significance of dhikr lies in the fact that it is Gods own chosen and recommended method by which the muminun or Believers show gratitude for having been shown the refined path.In addition, it is indeed the surest way of attaining Gods forgivene ss and achieving the ultimate reward of Paradise. The importance of dhikr then is not difficult to understand. It is dhikr that purifies your qalb or kindling and makes it sound. And you can only attain buyback and true success by having a gross(a) and sound disembodied spirit. The qalb or oculus referred to here is not the pump in your breast that pushes countercurrent around your clay but earlier the centre or locus of your personality which pumps out your desires and motivations and which makes you conduct yourself as you do.It is this qalb that lies at your centre and dictates your actions which is the tonality to your ultimate success. Thus, with reference to the Day of Judgment, the Quran declares It will be a Day) when half(prenominal) wealth nor children shall dinero and when only he will be saved who comes in the first place God with a sound heart free of evil. ash-Shuara 2688-89. This point is more in an elaborate way made in a hadith in which the visionary says Listen to me carefully. on that point is a extrusion of flesh in the somatic structure if it is set right and made good, the entire body takes good and kempt but if it becomes diseased, the entire body becomes diseased.Remember well it is the Heart. (Bukhari. ) If the heart is the key to ultimate salvation and success, it may, likewise, be the bathroom of much depression and open doors to umteen evils. It may facilitate the corruption of political and economic activities and lastly the social institutions of a society. Where such a state prevails, the Quran suggests that it is because people, severally, have become diseased in their hearts. al-Baqara 210. In this state, people stop seeing and doing what is right. The Quran explains that this is not because they have become wile in their eyes but because their hearts have become blind. al- hadj 22 46. This kettle of fishlessness only draws them closer to the ultimate chastisement. It is the heart, as the decid er of our ultimate fate, that must then be the starting point of any tazkiya programme, to purify this heart and then summon it to the assistant of mankind. Ibn al-Qayyim, one of the great scholars of Islam, states in his Kitab al Adhkar (The Book of Remembrance), that the heart which is devoid of the recollection of Allah is a heart that is dead it is dead even and long in advance the body carrying the heart reaches its grave. Indeed, this living body that carries the heart is the hearts grave.Ibn al-Qayyims educational activity is reminiscent of the hadith of tire vaticinator which states The deviance between someone who remembers His Lord and someone who does not is like the difference between the living and the dead. (Bukhari. ) The statement is also reminiscent of the following verse of the Quran Do not become like those who forget Allah and Allah makes them forget themselves. It is they who are truly deprived. al-Hashr 5919. The purpose of tazkiya is to tally that the heart never move into a gruesome state of being and that it is always alive(predicate) with the retrospection of God.Prosperous indeed is one who purifies himself and remembers the name of His Guardian-Lord, and prays unto Him. al-Ala 87 14-15. The illusionist further underline the importance of dhikr when he verbalise to his Companions Shall I not inform you of the best of your actions, the purest in the sight of your Lord, which raises your rank to the highest, which is better for you than outgo gold and silver, better than meeting your foe so that you simulate at their necks and they glitter at yours? They replied Yes, indeed, and he said It is the remembrance of Allah. (Tirmidhi. )Strive then, to fill all your moments, all your thoughts and all your actions with His remembrance. Recite tasbih or lecture of idealization and praise to stigmatise all your actions and achievements. THE sum OF DHIKR What is the precise kernel of dhikr? What is its tele setting an d what does it implicate? Does it simply include certain utterances of the tongue, like Subhanallah (I glorify Allahs absolute perfection), Alhamdu lillah (All praise be to Allah), Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Greatest), La ilaha illallah (thither is no god but Allah) and the recitation of some other selected verses of the Quran, or is there more to it?Of course, such utterances of the tongue and recitation of verses of the Quran are important. In fact they are very important forms of dhikr for, indeed, the best forms of remembrance are those that involve both the heart and the tongue. You must understand, however, that the scope of dhikr is considerably wider. Dhikr must not only be felt by the heart and uttered with the tongue, but must also affect and effect amal salih, or good deeds.Significantly, Ibn al-Qayyim suggests that dhikr encompasses any and every particular moment when you are thinking, saying or doing things which Allah likes Hence, if your conference is filled with the words of God, this is dhikr and if all your actions are in conformity with His will, this is dhikr. Indeed Allah commends that we remember Him while standing, sitting and even while reclining. This is only possible if dhikr embraces every single aspect of life. Consider for example the following verse of the Quran where dhikr is emphasised in both postulation and business activityO Believers, when the call to Payer is sounded on the Day of Congregation, hasten to Allahs remembrance and leave all materialistic commerce. This a for your own good, if you but knew . And when the postulation it finished then disperse through the land, and seek of the bounty of Allah and remember Allah frequently that you may prosper. al-Jumua 629-10 Attending the salaat al-jumua, listening to the khutba or sermon and perform the conventional supplicant are all well cognise as forms of dhikr. But in our mercenary pursuits as well we are urged to remember Allah even more often.We may thus con clude, that attending to your personal ask, earning a livelihood and swinging on your family are all forms of dhikr. But of course, they can only be dhikr if, alongside with the relevant adhkar or supplications in the heart and on the tongue, they are done in allegiance to Allah, for His pleasure, to attain Janna. Otherwise, as the Quran warns us, outlying(prenominal) from being dhikr, they may have the paired effect let not your laic possessions and your children make you run-down of Allahs remembrance. But overtake in the way of Allah. al-Munafiqun 639-10. THE METHODS OF DHIKR We have thus distant discussed the significance, nub and scope of dhikr. allow us now turn to the miscellaneous forms and methods of dhikr. How do we remember Allah in the morning and evening, during the sidereal sidereal day and at night and while standing, sitting or reclining. there are fundamentally two forms of dhikr. The first involves nonstop and sustain versed cognisance of Alla h in all that we say and do in our fooling lives. The second involves mechanisms, whether performed several(prenominal)ly or collectively, that support to develop the first. 1.Sustained sentience of Allah Let us begin with a discussion of the first form and its methods. How can you remember Allah throughout the normal course of your day without withdrawing from the use of your cursory secular life? How can you ensure that your personal life, family life, professional life and other activities all continue in full swing, and yet, at the same time, ensure that your life as a whole every moment of it is permeated with remembrance of Allah? Such an all-pervading dhikr can be an onerous task, but one you can accomplish with some ease.Let me remind you of quartet states of sensibleness that you must strive to develop by call back certain things, absorb them and reminding yourself of them often. ONE guess to yourself I am in Allahs presence He is honoring me. claim to yo urself I am in Allahs presence He is watching me. If ever you are alone, He is the second and that if you are two, He is the third. He is with you wherever you are. al-Mujadala 58 7. He is nearby to you than your-jugular vein. Qaf 50 16-18. He is watching everything that you do and consultation everything that you say. He is ever present and His knowledge is all encompassing.Remind yourself of this as often as you can, and throughout the day- every time you begin a new task, and every time you speak. Indeed, your aim should be to impress this on your heart in such a way that it last becomes your very breath. When the prophet was asked by a Companion about the best method of ablutionary himself, he replied You should always remember that Allah is with you wherever you are. (Tirmidhi. ) TWO offer to yourself Everything I have has been given to me by Allah. All that there is surrounding you, on you and in you comes from Allah alone.There is none that creates or gives anything but Allah. an-Nahl 1678 Ya Sin 3633-35. Therefore, reflect upon all the baraka or blessing that He has created you with and be give give thankssful to Him. In all the adhkar that the prophet has taught us, hamd or appreciativeness to Allah is a constant theme. Many of these adhkar are simple to learn, and indeed, it was the most simple of his adhkar that he used most frequently. When the prophet rose in the morning, he would say Alhamdu lillah whenever he ate or drank he would say Alhamdu lillah and even when he relieved himself he would give thank to Allah.Learn as many of the adhkar as you can, and throughout the day, as you escort all that Allah has sunny you with, punctuate your day with these adhkar. If ever you turn up to be short of things to be thankful for, recall the hadith of the vaticinator There are 360 joints in the body and for each joint you must give a sadaqa thanks or charity each day. (Bukhari. ) You must give a sadaqa for each one of them because withou t any one of them you will be incomplete and handicapped. You must do this on a daily basis for should any one of them become dishonored one day, you will similarly become incapacitated.Additionally, you may remind yourself that, as we now know from our knowledge of human physiology, your heart beats 72 times a minute. Every time it beats, it does so with the leave of Allah. The moment He withdraws that permission, the heart will stop beat and your life will certainly come to an end. If you feel that there is nothing else to thank Allah for, then thank him for the life that He has given you for, so long as there is life, there is hope. THREE enounce to yourself Nothing in this world can happen without His permission. Everything lies in the hands of Allah.No harm can occur you and no benefit can reach you except as Allah ordains. It is as the Quran informs us If God should touch you with misfortune, none can bow out it but He, and if He should touch you with good fortune, He h as power over all things. He alone holds sway over His creatures He is the All-wise, the All- cognisant. al-Anam 6 17-18. The Prophet Muhammad would beseech to Allah after each appealingness O Allah, whatever You want to give me, no one can stop it from coming to me and whatever You want to prevent from coming to me, nobody can give to me. charm after appealingness, you should say these beautiful words. And beyond that, remind yourself as much as you can and throughout the day, curiously as you expect something to happen, or not to happen, that everything happens only as He commands, and by His permission. FOUR offer to yourself I am press release to return to Allah one day and that day could be today. You do not know when you will leave this world. It may be that the coming morning is your last morning, or perhaps the coming evening is your last evening. Indeed, it may be that this hour is your last hour, or even, that this moment is your last moment.Such an uncertainty doe s not, of course, rationalize a complete withdrawal from this life so as to prepare for the Next in some monastic direction. It is important, however, that you are always certified of this uncertainty, to the extent that it motivates you to spend every moment of your remaining life seriously, considering it as a gift from Allah and consumption the resources He has blessed you with time, baron and capability as He has advised. Then, and only then, will your life have achieved what is required of it, and your return will achieve what is required of it.To help you attain this state of consciousness, recall and reflect upon the following Quranic verse as much as you can and throughout the day from Allah we came and to Him we shall return. al-Baqara 2156 These are the four states of consciousness that can help us achieve a life completely prone to the remembrance of Allah. To try to reach these four states simultaneously, and with sincerity, can only purify you. To try in a deter mined fashion to reach these four states will lead you inevitably to Paradise. 2. special Methods of Dhikr For us to achieve a continuous and sustained sentience of Him, Allah, in His comprehension and Mercy, has aught us some very particularized mechanisms of dhikr. These include the orb ibada-salaat, Sawm, Zakat and hajj tilawa of the Quran, dua, istighfar and tawba, seeking the company of the righteous and dawa. together these mechanisms or methods bring into being what we have classified above as the second form of dhikr, but here we may sub-divide them into two groups those that can be performed individually and those that are performed collectively. 3. Methods of Individual Dhikr The world-class of the specific methods pertaining to individual dhikr include the fard or de rigueur ibada. Allah has said in a hadith qudsiMy servant does not draw near to Me with anything more loved by Me than what I have made obligatory. (Bukhari. ) Each specific formal ibada or act of s ervitude to God, has been ordain as an instrument of self development. When we observe our salaah regularly at the proper times, together in meeting whenever possible, with clear intentions and sincerity when we fast in the month of Ramadan with awareness and resolve when we give Zakat as soon as it locomote due with a generous heart and when we fulfill the obligations of Hajj as soon as we have the means, we will gain that special closeness to Allah that He has promised.Indeed, we may get even closer to God through extra reflection of these specific formal acts of servitude, for Allah continues in the hadith qudsi My servant continues to draw near to Me with surplus devotions until I love him. When I love him, I become the hearing with which he hears, the sight with which he sees, the hand with which he strikes and the al-Qaeda with which he walks. Were he to ask for something I would surely give it, and were he to ask for refuge, I would surely grant him refuge. (Bukhari. ) For each specific fard ibada, there is an additional nafl or superogatory equivalent.These are as follows -The Sunna salaat these include the additional Prayers ahead and after the v obligatory ones, but just as significantly the Tahajjud Prayer. -The Sunna Fasts as recommended by the Prophet and to be execute on Monold age and Thursdays of each week, the thirteenth, fourteenth and ordinal day of each lunar calendar month, and other recommended days in the Islamic year. -Sadaqa fi Sabilillah the giving of unbidden charity, however much and whenever one can afford, for the pleasure of Allah. -The Umra work of the voluntary short pilgrimage.In addition to the fard and their link nafl ibada, there are two further specific methods of individual dhikr the first is the daily recitation of the Quran, and the second, frequent dua or supplications to Allah for forgiveness, guidance and fulfillment of call for. Let us look for each of these specific methods pertaining to indiv idual dhikr in more detail, particularly as instruments of tazkiya and dhikr A. salaat salaah is the best form of ibada that Allah Himself has prescribed for us. In His own words He commands Establish regular Prayer that you may rememberMe. Ta Ha 2014. The whole purpose of Salat is to be ever conscious of Allah, the Creator, Lord and Sustainer of all things. When we perform Salat we involve our tongue, our heart, our mind and indeed our whole body. In this sense, Salat is indeed, one of the most comprehensive forms of dhikr. It is perhaps for this reason that Allah states in a hadith qudsi let on of all the ways through which My servant gets closer to Me, Salat is the dearest to Me. (Bukhari. ) It is unfortunate, therefore, that we do not always take full advantage of this gift.We may pray quintuplet times each day but few of us remain conscious for long that in Prayer we have the best means to develop a strong conjunctive with Allah. We may oppose the obligatory Salat to b athing fiver times a day. If after such frequent bathing, your body remains dirty, then we may pass the usefulness and competency of such bathing. Similarly, if after regular observance of Prayer your heart remains unmoved, your morals remain corrupt and your conduct remains unaffected, we may marvel the usefulness and efficacy of your Prayer?If you enter into Salat and come out of it the same person, then you have lost(p) something, and you may have missed a well-off probability to achieve something great. Remember, though, Salat is an obligation. Whether your heart is attentive or not, it must be performed. You cannot give up Prayer because to you it appears useless. Dont give up the obligation but try to infuse it with the purpose it seeks to serve remembrance of Allah. How can you improve the tone of your Salat?Remember, first and foremost, that as soon as you find your Salat, shaitan makes it his duty to fill your mind with anything and everything but thoughts of All ah. al-Araf 7 16-17. For, shaitan is aware that your remembrance of Allah will draw you closer to Him, so he tries perpetually to disengage your mind and heart from such remembrance, so that you may never achieve that closeness. The most important hurdle to conquer from the outset, therefore, is absentmindedness. It is this that destroys the quality of your Prayer, for Allah does not accept the Prayers of a wandering mind.The Prophet Muhammad said God does not accept the Prayers of an individual until his heart achieves in it what his body has achieved. Al-Ghazali in Ihya. match Inner Dimensions of Islamic Worship, Islamic Foundation, Leicester, p. 29. The ability to concentrate in Prayer may be modify by initiate adequate psychological, mental and fleshly preparation in the beginning the Prayer and by utilising certain proficiencys whilst performing the Prayer. down the stairs we discuss some of them. i. Psychological and noetic Preparation -The preparation of your daily activities should tramp around the five daily Salat. al-Maarij 70 22-23. Do not plan everything else and then try to fit Prayer into your alert schedule. -Ensure that you are informed with all the rules and regulations politics your Prayer. Research in depth the Quranic verses and ahadith relating to the virtues of Salat. -Be timely with your Prayer. an-Nisa 4103 have into the habit of praying at the earliest hour. Do not procrastinate. The Prophet said, the deed most loved by Allah is Prayer performed on time. (Muslim. ) -Pray as much of your fard Salat in jamaa or congregation as is possible. al-Baqara 2 43. -Avoid praying in a state in which you are mentally and physically fatigued. an-Nisa 4 43 -Rid your mind of all evil thoughts and ideas. al-Maun 107 4-6. -Keep your mind free of temporal worries and engagements. -Plan what ayat / duas you are going to recite. -If you do not understand Arabic learn the meaning of what you recite in your Prayer. -Remind yourself that engaging in Prayer offers you an opportunity to release yourself from the pressures and tensions of this world. The Prophet has said that in Prayer was placed the comfort of his eyes.Therefore value the opportunity to bear away the shackles and burdens of this world from your shoulders. al-Baqara 2 45. -Use your Prayer to remain rivet on your mission in life to bring your entire being to serve only Allah. -Use your Prayer as a source of strength, inspiration and fervor for your life and activities. ii. visible Preparation -Fulfill all your personal needs before you commence your Prayer, for example, thirst, hunger and calls of nature. -Pray in a pure physical state. answer your wudu with care and perfection. al-Maida 5 6. -Although the whole earth is a musjid or a place of idolisation, choose a place that is clean. -Pray in an environment free of preventive and one where there is no misdirection. -Adorn yourself with clean and respectable clothes for Allah has said O Chi ldren of Adam, wear your best clothes at every place of worship. al-Araf 731. iii. do Your Prayer -Assess your mental readiness for Prayer before its commencement, during the various postures with its attendant recitations, after each raka and ultimately at the end- hand over to make improvements at each stage Pray with obscureness both in your mental state and in your physical manner. Pray with hope and awe, asking Allah for His mercy and forgiveness. -Remind yourself continually that you are talking to the most important Being in your life your Creator and Sustainer. He is in front of you. You are facing Him and you are involved in a converse with Him. al-Alaq 96 19. -Commence your Prayer by seeking Allahs help and shield from the influences of Shaytan. an-Nahl 16 98. -Lower your survey while praying and do not allow the physical environment to distract you.Anas related that the Prophet said My dear son, be sure to forfend being deflect during Prayer, for, to become d eflect while praying is a disaster. (Tabarani. ) -Use a miscellanea of Quranic verses and duas in your Prayer to achieve greater concentration and awareness. -Adopt a whispering technique in your recitation. This will increase your ability to remain focused on what you are saying. alIsra 17110. -As you recite the Quran, translate it into your own language so that your attention is held. As you concentrate upon the meaning and implications of the words, insha Allah, all thoughts of worldly ideas will disappear. On each occasion that you recite the Sifat or attributes of Allah in ruku and sajda, consider how indebted you are and how grateful you should be to Allah and express your true emotions. -Utilise the occasion of sajda to make additional dua to Allah. The Prophet said A servant is close to his Lord when he is in sajda, so increase your supplication when in sajda. (Muslim. ) -Make your Prayer of moderate while so that you do not become physically and mentally tired but be aware that while in Prayer you must take your time praying. -Give due regard to the proper cognitive process of all the physical postures. Pray as if it is your last Prayer. The Messenger of God said When you stand up to pray, perform your prayer as if it were your last, do not say anything you will have to make excuses for tomorrow, and resolve to place no hope in what is in the hands of men. (Ahmad. ) Performing your prayer in a satisfactory manner should lead to a radical change in the way you lead your daily life. Salat must be as the Quran states Surely, Salat prevents indecency and evil alAnkabut 29 45. Your alter and more train life will in turn help the quality of your Prayer to increase even more.The two should feed one another and endlessly reinforce each other. Note that there is punishment for a Prayer not performed satisfactorily. It will be a assure against you rather than a witness for you on the Day of Judgment. However, the reward for a Prayer well performed is immeasurable. The Prophet said If a man performs two rakas of Salat without the distraction of any worldly thought, all his forward sins will be forgiven. (Bukhari. ) iv. Tahajjud Salat Even though it is not obligatory, try to prove Tahajjud Salat as part of our periodic activities. The Prophet said The best Prayer after the fard Prayer is the night Prayer. (Muslim. ) One of the characteristics of the Ibadur Rahman or Servants of the Most Merciful, is that they get up at night and perform Tahajjud Salat. al-Furqan 25 64 Qiyam al-layl or night vigil is a source of great spiritual energy. The Prophet has said Keep up qiyam al-layl. It was the way of the virtuous who came before you, it draws you nearer to your Lord, atones for your sins, forbids you from evil and protects the body from sickness. (Tirmidhi. )When a man wakes up his wife at night and they pray two rakas (units) together, they are written down among the men and women who remember Allah. (Abu Dawud) The Quran als o commends the one who utilizes the early hours of each day to engage in remembrance of Allah Is one who worships devoutly during the hours of night prostrating himself or standing in adoration and who places his hope in the mercy of His Lord like one who does not? Say Are those equal those who know and those who do not know? It is those who are indue with understanding that receive admonition. Az-Zumar 399B. Sawm Sawm or fasting is another important instrument of tazkiya. It holds a unparalleled status among all other forms of ibada. In a hadith qudsi we are told Every good deed of a man is granted breed increase, ten to vii hundred times. But Allah says temperance is an elision it is exclusively for Me, and I will give reward for it as much as I wish. (Bukhari, Muslim. ) The growth of fasting ought to be that rich inner quality which the Quran calls taqwa O Believers fasting is decree for you, even as it was ordained for those before you, that you might attain taqwa. al -Baqara 2183Taqwa is the most basic prerequisite for being guided by Allah. It entails God-consciousness, a sense of responsibility, accountability, dedication and awe. It is that which prompts and inspires us to fulfill our responsibilities towards the Creator. Taqwa is the main criterion by which Allah determine the deeds of a Muslim. The Quran states Surely the noblest among you in the sight of God is the most Godfearing of you. Verily God is all-Knowing and all-Wise. al-Hujurat 49 13. We must strive to the utmost to inculcate taqwa in our lives as Allah has ordained Take nutriment with you, but the best of provisions is taqwa.So remain conscious of Me, O you who are gift with insight. al-Baqara 2197 Fasting teaches us to remember Allah. It helps to instill in us certain attributes and qualities which develop our taqwa. We discuss some of these below. i. Fulfilling Allahs Wishes While fasting, the most basic physical needs Food, water and sleep are right away and joyfully sacrificed. thirst and thirst are no weeklong harmful Allahs temper is harmful. Physical pleasures no longer hold any bait Allahs rewards do. The scale of values is turned superlative down. The measures of comfort and pain, success and failure are radically changed.However, whatever the physical discomfort, the mortification of the flesh is certainly not the sought after object. The gifts of Allah are there to be enjoyed but limits by Him must also be strictly observed. Once the sun has set, the fast must be broken and the sooner the better. All that was disallow during the fasting hours, at His command, becomes permissible again, at His command. Similarly, alimentation before dawn is potently encouraged even though the hour is early for it provides the unavoidable strength for the rigours of the day ahead. Fasting and praying are obvious acts of worship but eating also constitutes a form of worship. i. obstinance Fasting strengthens our willpower. The Prophet has said S awm is a shield or a screen or a tribute from the Hell-fire. (Bukhari. ) The regime of dawn-to-sunset temperance from food, drink and sex, for the sake of Allah alone, internalises the lesson that we must never en