Essay on the Human Spirit in Frankenstein and Picture of Dorian Grey

Similarities of the Human Spirit in Frankenstein and The Picture of Dorian Grey      The gay spirit is one of the nearly beautiful great powers in the world, but it is also one of the most vulnerable. In the novels Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and The Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde, this idea of the human spirit is portrayed clearly. Both novels have similar aspects about the human spirit, but they also have their differences. Both novels have main characters who are influenced greatly by someone that they admire, and they are destroyed by that influence. The difference that these novels have is that in Frankenstein, the main character is influenced and destroyed by something he creates himself, while in The Picture of Dorian Grey, the main character is influenced and destroyed by his friend and mentor. Again, both novels portray the human spirits motivation and vulnerability. In the novel Frankenstein, Victor, the main character, is dictated to insan ity and death by his motivation, his own creation. He dedicates all of his time and have it offledge to create a living human being from dead tissue. This demon becomes his motivation and influence throughout the rest of the novel. Victor blames himself and feels guilt for all of th... ... Dorian converses with Lord Henry, and takes everything that Lord Henry said seriously, even though non everything that Lord Henry said was right. Basically, the difference that these two novels have over the idea that the human spirit is a very strong, but vulnerable force is that a persons motivation to do something great and his infatuation with that great thing will influence the spirit greatly, sometimes totally, and that believing in someone and person so much, no matter what they say, you will listen to them and let them have total control over you and your actions, even though that influence probably doesnt know that.

How can ICT support the learning of children with special educational :: ICT Essays

How can ICT support the scholarship of children with special educational postulate?ICT can support the learning of children with special educationalneeds SEN. It enables children with SEN to overcome barriers tolearning by providing alternative or redundant methods ofcommunicating within the learning process. Moreover, it also helpsteachers to create a supportive framework, which can enable autonomouslearning. When used creatively, ICT can enrich and enhance teaching,motivating pupils and engaging them in dynamical learning. But how isthis achieved? The range of special needs covers a very wide spectrum.It will be necessary thence to examine how ICT can support the various(a) needs.Standard equipment is often suitable for children with SEN. thesettings of the computer can be changes to make it more computerfriendly. The mouse motion can be slowed down for best control. Thetoolbar can be created to suit the childrens needs. However if thisis not suitable there ar many peripheral s and devices, which cansupport children with SEN, but not all are appropriate for everyone.For those children with a physical disability a variety of switches,optical pointers, voice controlled devices and word predictionsoftware has been designed to overcome the problems these childrenhave victimisation traditional input devices such as the mouse and keyboard.However according to Semerc 2000 these alternative methods of accessare more complex than direct input and therefore place an additionalcognitive burden on the child. The system therefore needs to be set upso that it does not become an additional barrier. Children need to becompetent with input devices such as switches. The technique whitethorn taketime to develop and opportunities need to be provided to practisethese to subdue frustration.There are a variety of switches available. Some involve hand movementwhile others can be operated by other parts of the physical structure even a strongpuff of breath can operate a switc h. The assessment of the type ofswitch required is usually carried out by specialists Hopkins, 1998.This assessment needs to be continuous. Bowser and Reed 1995 ascited by Bryant et al 1998 argue that as a child progresses throughthe raising System, their requirements change and this maynecessitate a need for different devices. This is not limited to thosechildren with a physical disability but is relevant to all childrenwith SEN as they progress and the Education System places additionalburdens upon them.For children with a visual impairment ICT can provide support invarious ways tools to support communication, to improve access to info and as a means of producing learning materials inalternative. There is a wide range of devices and software, which can

Beauty - Moving Beyound Eating Disorders and Plastic Surgery :: Beauty and the Media

Beauty - Moving Beyound Eating Disorders and Plastic SurgeryEverywhere we look there is an alluring face, an exotic, flawless tall body, overlaying one of the largest networking systems for fashion, beauty, and cosmetics of all kinds. Magazines such as Elle, Vogue, Maxim, FHM, and many more, feed into womans minds of what is gorgeous or the ideal self. We all struggle with coming in touch with our real self-verses our ideal self. Angelina Jolie is considered publicly as one of the most beautiful women in the world. So what is it about her that is so captivating? Her lustrous lips, which are not collagen injected? Her long black, brown, or even dirty blonde hair, depending on her role I suppose? Not to mention, the one thing that is, unfortunately and freely observed the most her sex appeal. Here is an example of what I mean. In a movie called Gia, she portrays a heroin addicted model, which might I add, is a movie based on actual events. Her career and health were diminished becau se of her addiction and the amount of pressure put on her to live up to the industries expectations. notwithstanding does the film industry take these factual events to a level of complete disillusion? The answer is no. Beautiful women everywhere, that are not celebrities or models, ceaselessly adjust themselves to remain on an unbalanced pedestal that purposively determines what defines being attractive. The amount of hype in the entertainment society causes several problems in the cosmetics of fashion. Young immature woman strive to achieve having the prettiest hair with the perfect highlight. These young, vulnerable teenagers are determined to be the ultimate trendsetter. Weight loss and gain is a commonplace issue among this vulnerable, low self-esteemed, diamonds in the rough. For instance, take the Hollywood Diet. The Hollywood Diet is a liquid drink composed of vitamins and minerals, amongst natural diuretics and orange extract. Some of the ingredients whitethorn cause an increase in blood pressure when introducing cardiovascular activities. Also, for some people, when there is a pre-existing heart condition combined with improper meal intake and no mineral supplements, heart failure can occur. Woman tend to compare themselves a lot with celebrities or even other beautiful woman they simply pass in the streets. From a personal perspective, I make comparisons all the time. Eating disorders are an unfortunate disease that many lose from due to the glamorized depiction of what beauty really is.

The Problem with Ticketmaster: Solutions to Music Industry Corruption

The Problem with Ticketmaster Solutions to Music Industry Corruption I consider myself to be a fan of every last(predicate) types of music and I kindred to stay involved with the music world. Music is such an integral part of society in so many contrastive aspects. Music defines time periods, brings back childhood memories, educates, relaxes as well as inspires. Stop and think for a moment if the music stopped, what would the world be like? A sudden silence overcoming the world. More realistically, stop for a moment and think what it would be like if you could not analyze your favorite band in concert. This is a scenario that is becoming more apparent. In upcoming news the rock and roll band U2 has launched a world wide tour and they plan to tot here to Tempe to play Sun Devil orbit in the beginning weeks of May 97. The political group Rage Against The Machine will also be opening for U2. I am a fan of both of these bands so I looked into getting tickets for the show. I have found some shocking results as far as tickets go as well as tickets for other bands. For the U2 shows it can cost up to $61.60 for ONE ticket. Thanks in part to dazzling Ticketmaster telephone service fees of $8.35 per ticket, a set of tickets for U2s May 31 show at New Jerseys Giants Stadium cost a fan $246.40 for four tickets(Boehlert 25). As a freshman in college on a tight budget it is extremely difficult for myself to stipend that much money for one ticket with a $8.35 surcharge. I am sure that many people can empathize with not wanting to fancy some of your favorite music at such a high price. Why must the surcharges be so high? This is just one archetype of the manipulative business manner in which Ticketmaster operates. Ticketmaster... ...practices are exposed ticket prices will change and a college student would be able to go see that U2 concert.Works Cited Boehlert, Eric. Pop Journal. Rolling Stone. April. 97 25Errico, Marcus Pearl Jam Tours. E online. Go To (1996, J uly 24).Gossard, Stone and Ament, Jeff on prepared statement in nexus with the oral testimony before the sub-committeeGuinto, Joseph. Vs. In Dallas. metonramp.net (1995, May 17).Marks, Craig. Pearl Jam. Spin Feb. 1997 39-45Moody, Fred. Pearl Jam Versus Ticketmaster. Seattle Weekly. Go To.Philips, Chuck. Pearl Jam to Tour on declare Terms. Los Angeles Times. Go To (1996, July 25).Selvin, Joel. Online Club Tickets On Sale. San Francisco Chronicle. (1996, Sept. 29). 54Najarian12 TicketWeb. at infoticketweb.com Uhelszki, Jaan. Dave Marsh on the Pearl Jam/ Ticketmaster Mess. (1995, May 11).

Automobiles of Tomorrow Essay -- Automobiles

As America moves into the next generation of vehicular travel, we mustiness keep in mind how resources will be used to develop these very things. Will we continue to consume more so than is necessary? Or will our government, in partnership with research and development firms, develop a comprehensive plan to engineer cars that act in stewardship of the environment. As it stands, the environmental protection Agency has enacted policies and regulations which move toward just that reform which targets car companies in an effort to curb their wasteful tactics and implement standards that will determine consumers pay little at the pump and get more out of their car (Environmental Protection Agency, www.epa.gov/fueleconomy). Nevertheless, we must look at both sides of the argument when analyzing the particulars of such a excogitation in so far as, if we choose to reform the way business is done in America, how do we go about doing it to include the need for companies to ensure that th eir respective products do more to help the environment than harm it. When analyzing the need to regulate the heart and soul in which a company designs and engineers their vehicles, we must first rate governmental efforts in regards to establishing particular fuel consumption norms. Thus, we analyze the Environmental Protection Agency and any methods used to determine fuel efficiency standards that ar at a level which ensures companies have a viable opportunity to meet said standards. 2011 witnessed the introduction of the revamped EPAs labeling system as a means of promoting fuel efficiency standards to customers in car dealerships (Why is Fuel Economy Important, www.fueleconomy.gov). Within the changes came inclusions of detailed information regarding the vehicles fuel... ...cuments 1. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed April 19, 2012)3)Why Is Fuel Economy Important? Fuel Economy. Environmental Protection Agency. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. .4)United States. Environmental Protecti on Agency. Fuel Economy. EPA. Environmental Protection Agency. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. .5)Consumer Reports 39 Percent Considering a Hybrid or Plug-in For Their adjacent Car. Hybrid Cars. Web. 18 Apr. 2012. .6)Vehicle Fuel Economy Reforming Fuel Economy Standards Could Help Reduce Oil Consumption by Cars and Light Trucks, and Other Options Could equilibrise These Standards GAO-07-921. GAO Reports (August 3, 2007) 1. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed April 19, 2012).

Automobiles of Tomorrow Essay -- Automobiles

As America moves into the next generation of vehicular travel, we must corroborate in mind how resources allow be used to develop these very things. Will we continue to consume more so than is necessary? Or will our government, in partnership with research and development firms, develop a comprehensive plan to engineer cars that act in stewardship of the environment. As it stands, the Environmental security department potency has enacted policies and regulations which move toward just that reform which targets car companies in an effort to curb their wasteful tactics and implement standards that will ensure consumers pay less at the pump and get more out of their car (Environmental Protection Agency, www.epa.gov/ burn downeconomy). Nevertheless, we must look at both sides of the argument when analyzing the particulars of such a concept in so far as, if we choose to reform the way business is done in America, how do we go about doing it to include the need for companies to ensure that their individual products do more to help the environment than harm it. When analyzing the need to regulate the means in which a company designs and engineers their vehicles, we must first assess political efforts in regards to establishing particular fuel consumption norms. Thus, we analyze the Environmental Protection Agency and any methods used to determine fuel efficiency standards that are at a level which ensures companies have a viable opportunity to meet said standards. 2011 witnessed the introduction of the revamped EPAs labeling system as a means of promoting fuel efficiency standards to customers in car dealerships (Why is Fuel Economy Important, www.fueleconomy.gov). Within the changes came inclusions of detailed information regarding the vehicles fuel... ...cuments 1. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed April 19, 2012)3)Why Is Fuel Economy Important? Fuel Economy. Environmental Protection Agency. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. .4)United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Fuel Economy. EPA. Environmental Protection Agency. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. .5)Consumer Reports 39 Percent Considering a crisscross or Plug-in For Their Next Car. Hybrid Cars. Web. 18 Apr. 2012. .6)Vehicle Fuel Economy Reforming Fuel Economy Standards Could Help Reduce Oil Consumption by Cars and Light Trucks, and Other Options Could Complement These Standards GAO-07-921. GAO Reports (August 3, 2007) 1. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed April 19, 2012).

Unbundled Business Models: Arm’s Focus on IP

This is my first not-technical blog post more towards the channel side which I know very little active but still worth trying. I will be discussing the unbundled business model and why leg is focusing only on envisioning IP cores. I came across the term unbundled business model in a book called Business model generation by Alexander OsterWalder and Yves Pigneur. Which is a chimerical book and they really take the reader through the entire planning process of a business or business model generation.As close to electronic engineers will be awargon, ARM holdings which stands for Advanced RISC Machines (Acorn RISC Machines at time of foundation) is a British Intellectual Property licensing company. So basically they license their proprietary processor cores to semiconductor companies like Apple, texas instruments, Freescale, Qualcomm, NVIDIA etc. These cores are specifically popular in mobile computing because of their low power inhalation characteristics. In fact almost all of t he recent smart phone processors are ground on an ARM core.Err I guess we are diverting to electronics again, coming back to the company. So the company has a unique business model, unlike other semiconductor companies like Intel or microchip who design and manufacture their processors. ARM is specialized in designing the barebones of the processor, the core (which technically is a bunch of hardware synthesis files containing thousands of lines of Verilog code, or any other language) and gives divulge this code to semiconductor companies to let them manufacture their own customized processor.Unbundling Business Models The term unbundled corporation was coined by John Hagel and Marc Singer and it suggests that there are three types of businesses guest Relationship businesses, product innovation businesses and Infrastructure businesses. These sectors require different skill sets are branch entities of a corporation or ideally a separate business itself. The role of Customer Relati onship business is acquiring customer and building races with them.Similarly product innovation businesses are involved in growth of new products and services, while the role of infrastructure businesses is to manage the platform for high volume, repetitive tasks like assembly lines, logistics etc. ARM can be effectively placed into the product innovation category they are focused on development of their IP cores for which they are substantially-known for. This keeps the companys operations adjust with the target which is to build low-power high performance cores.Their business is centered on engineers, talented and creative minds which design their products and keep them ahead of the competition. Customers are not their focus, well at least not directly, customer relationship are taken care at multiple levels by the chip manufacturer, the equipment manufacturer and then the end-user company. This is a win-win situation as the result is a better product and customer satisfactio n. Another company which recently unbundled the business is dell Inc. hich shifted its focus from manufacturing to customer relationship and marketing. Reason being contract manufacturers like Clevo produce computers more cheaply as their entire focus is on finding efficiencies in manufacturing. This means Dell can focus on the brand and building customer relationship which is a much more robust business plan. It is the basic question What business are we in? and finding what is the key business activity.If we try to manage activities across too broad a waterfront, we run a risk of losing our bounds across more and more of his waterfront. The business model has worked out well for ARM and in year 2010, 6. 1 billion ARM based chips were sold. ARMs goal is to have ARM-based processors in more than half of all tablets, mini-notebooks and other mobile PCs sold by 2015. Leave your comments below about what you rally about the ARM business model and by the way check out my project Port oscope an open source mini oscilloscope, it runs on an ARM based processor

Defeat in The Old Man and the Sea Essay

As hu opus beings, our greatest glory consists not in never falling, that in rising every magazine we fall. To achieve a goal in life, man must persevere through all pain and damage and continue to search for the light at the end of the dark tunnel. The locomote of The Old Man and the Sea describes struggle and the will to discipline oneself to achieve an aspiration. An emeritus fisherman, Santiago, is faced with exactly that he has a dream of ending an eighty-four day streak without catching a fish and has to use all of his will power to overcome the seas obstacles. Because Santiago successfully catches the great marlin by fighting through physical fatigue, Hemmingway, in The Old Man and the Sea, proves a man can be undone but not defeated.In the prolonged struggle between the fish and the venerable man his conscience questioned his justifications for battling such a great creature. Always in the back of his mind was the young boy who he valued for friendship and companionship . These ideals helped Santiago remember his discipline for fishing and his integrity for his suffer manhood. The pain and suffering the old man must endure to overcome the seas adversity help to justify Santiagos rebirth of manhood. His legendary journey provides mental and physical altercations Santiago must survive in target to prove to himself that he is still a man capable of catching fish. ball club labels Santiago as an unlucky fisherman for not catching any fish for 85 days, and yet ignore his skills as a wise, witty fisherman. It is divulge to be lucky.But I would rather be exact. Then when luck comes you are ready.(32) Santiago coordinates good luck with offerings from the sea. He also said, in order to catch the big fish I must go out far enough where the great one will be distracting death for his induce adversity with the open sea. He almost distains fate into his situation with the fish by taking all the pain and suffering his body endures to complete his desires. He did not truly feel good because the pain from the cord across his back had almost passed pain and into dullness that he mistrusted.(74) Once both the fish and Santiago had reached the breaking point of conflict the story seemed to slow down in quantify to exemplify the adverse conditions that both characters were sufferingfrom.For eighty-four days, the old man, Santiago, has not caught any fish. Because of this, the old mans fishing partner and pupil, Manolin, whom the old man loved like his own son and taught since he was five, has not been permitted to fish with him but has been forced by his parents to fish in a more productive boat. On the eighty-fifth day Santiago sets out to the occult recesses of the sea, certain that this would be the day when he would catch his big fish. He eventually does catch a marlin, but the struggle has only begun. For two days Santiago holds the line that is attached to the fish, and he suffers though tremendous obstacles to kill the great marl in. After harpooning the fish, he straps the marlin against the skiff and heads for home, doubting if the victory was real.The obstacles, however, were not yet over. The argument drawn from the fish brought the scent into the water, and it was not long until a mako shark began to take its bite out of the marlin. In protection of his fish, Santiago establish the shark with the harpoon. With the mako dead, shovel-nosed sharks came to the fish to get their chance to devour it. Bravely, Santiago fights with all the weapons he has, thus causing him great physical pain, and an injury to his chest. contempt his courageous fight, it is to no avail for when he arrives at his town only the carcass is leftThe old man proves himself worthy of personal suffering with the cuts and scars on his hands and back along with all of the pulling and slipping the cords had upon his fragile body. Hemmingway shows in a big way how an out of proportioned conflict with an old fisherman and an 18 foot long marlin helps to magnify the significance of Santiago searching for his rebirth to manhood. With constant abstraction describing the fish and the sea in relation to brotherhood create interesting questions for Santiago to ponder. His rationalization for his fishing is that he was born to do it. A man can be destroyed but not defeated. (103) Hemmingway proves that this fish represents all of Santiagos built up tension to total the size of a gigantic marlin that is perceived as desolate but not unconquerable.The cause of a mans destruction is in his own hands. The free will given toman enables him choose his own path to follow. The twist and turns of the life can change mans perception of himself, leading him only to self-destruct through his own actions. By losing, the man is not defeated he has fallen to the ground. Is this his end, his defeat? No. Because, man is given a light that lifts up spirits in a time of need picking them up off the cold, hard earth to try once more. No mat ter, the depths of destruction in which a man may define himself, the light never goes out. Despite being broken down to what feels to be his destruction, the light allows him to rebuild, never being entirely defeated.

Sport Development Plan

As a newly joined member of the committee for the new multi- brags federation which focuses on cycle, swimming and running I have scrape up with a 5 year evolution plan, which I am confident can deem the club a vision and direction to go down in order to achieve an outcome of produce a number of salutary athletes and be successful in the future. The report will treat possible patronage sources, and identifying where and how much will be spent to progress the club and raise it moving forward by hiring/buying facilities and equipment. The club has a variety of users ranging in ability train, gender, age and in like manner sporting activity and the club has everything it selects to be successful in future. Therefore by sexual climax to get outher now and producing this report with future recommendations, the hope is that the club will continue to grow and develop sport and sportspeople in the local community. bids Development Overview Sports development is explains by Colche ster borough council (march 2010) as an increase in the number of high-quality opportunities for people to take part in sport or activity meaning that sports development is to hold that all people have the opportunity to participate in sport, and that this opportunity will help and encourage the participant to take part again in future sporting activities.The most recognised and key model of sports development is the sports development continuum (Governing Bodies, 2007). The continuum highlights the four main stages of development where a agent could be placed. They atomic number 18 the foundation, participation, performance and honor stages.The foundation stage of the pyramid incorporates grass roots level of sports, beginners and young children, and it is the stage where the whole emphasis is on participation and the cheer of sporting activities. It is where the performer is taught the basics skills and this normally takes place in an environment such as a P.E lesson at schoo l.The participation stage is the next lifelike progression on the pyramid and it is when the performer actually makes a choice to be involved in sport because they enjoy taking part or would like to keep a healthy lifestyle. This can range from anything such as going to the local fitness club, or joining the local sunshine football side, and is normally a result of a positive enjoyment or social benefit at the participation stage.The performance stage is where the performer odors a strong desire to reform their technical ability further and that is one of the main reasons that they actually participate, and these performers tend to take part and represent at county level for example.The final and smallest stage on the continuum is the excellence stage, which is where small percentages of people that take part in physical activity r distributively but continuously strive to reach this is at the standard of the professionals either at a national or world standard. The two main rea sons for the development of sport immediately are sport for sports sake and sport as a social tool. Recently the government has taken a considerable interest in sport as they believe that it can help to eliminate some of the problems in todays society such as high crime levels and the obesity epidemic.This rising of sport on the governments agenda has made for a massive evolution in sports development and it has progressed from a short(p) known area to a massive and expanding profession. In 2002 they published the Game Plan report, it was constructed after a large amount of research, and the report shows how the government suppose to achieve their sport and physical activity objectives in the future. They have backed this up with large sums of musical accompaniment and (Game Plan 2002, paragraph 5) states that over 2 cardinal from the government and lottery will be going into sport over the next three years which highlights the commitment to sport that has been made. The Gove rnment have as well as set a national target to expand the base and increase participation in England by 1% annually. (Single system for sport 2002)Various organisations that suck up large amounts of funding promote and help sport progress in many different ways. For example there are organisations that operate such as Sport England whose main localize is to ensure that A substantial and growing number of people from across the community play sport (Sport England, 2008) whilst organisations like UK Sport are more(prenominal) than interested in leading sport in the UK to worldwide success (UK Sport, 2009). Therefore by UK sport focusing on the excellence stage and Sport England concentrating on developing sport from the bottom of the continuum up to performance level it shows that different organisations are constantly trying to improve each section which will help to go about achieving further success in the future.Clubs Facilities A majority of the clubs participants train in swimming, running and pass and we also have a participant they does all three and is an Olympic hopeful. Currently the club is hiring out the swimming pool at Sir Charles Arts College, the club is ground here as they also have a gymnasium were they have exercise bikes where we run our fitness bike class. For the running the club uses the running itinerary on the garrison in Colchester which is a rubber based competition running track. The swimming and running facilities the club use are of a good standard and all private for who is hiring it, however the cycling is not ideal as exercise bike are not the same as cycling on a real bike, this is the main point of the club that should be improved.Key Objectives & ProposalsIn order for the multi sports club to be successful it is essential that we conquer the imagination of the local community through being diverse and offering them a variety of new activities to try, whilst also offering them regular sessions in as wide a range of activities as possible. As a result of this I have come up with 5 main objectives that must be met if this club is to be successful. They are Increasing the level of participation. Form strong links with early(a) clubs, organisations and businesses in the community to help with sponsorships and funding. Improving the facilities that the club uses. continue the range of available activities. Bring in and develop high quality coaches.Raising participation is the first key objective that I will aim for. We choose people to attend the activities that we currently have and through the use of advertisement in and around the local town and papers we hope to go on awareness of the club and in turn raise the level of participation. Having regular paying clients will enable us as a centre to get back some of the costs of the improvements that will be made therefore it is very important that we raise the number of people through the door.I spot that bringing in coaches to replace t he staff we already have will have an effect on the staff we do keep so if we give our current staff opportunities to learn and better themselves then their morale will rise, whilst it will also have a positive impact in the obstetrical delivery/ coaching standard of their sessions. This will provide us with a win/win situation as we will be getting better and higher(prenominal) qualified coaches providing more efficient sessions, which will give us as a centre a better reputation and make the club more attractive to the public. Also we intend to bring in highly qualified and vastly experienced coaches to help train our current staff to get them to a higher standard. This is important to the Olympic triathlon hopeful and to the club if we intend to produce more Olympic standard athletes.Improving the current facilities they we use would also be of a major benefit to the club. The current facilities could do with upgrading and the three sports that have the highest number of partici pants, swimming, cycling and running, we will get better facilities and new equipment especially cycling we need to get some bicycles so the club can train properly which will help to maintain our client base and make them feel part of the club and feel that they can improve further.The success of the sport club is dependent on the interest from the local community and for this reason I have highlighted it as a massive objective to interact with the local businesses, sports clubs and organisations to develop strong links were we can all gain something from each other because we all have a lot to offer. The sharing of facilities is something that we hope to gain through possible future links and we could also get some sponsorship from businesses that need promoting.By offering a wider range of activities I believe that we will be able to attract different target markets and again raise the level of people that attend the club. With the club being new we need to show as many people as possible what activities we have to offer, the wider the range of activities the more people we can reach out to.FundingTo help with the aims and further developments that will be made to the sports centre, it is vital that we can source some funding and revenue from one of the leading sports organisations or from local sponsorship deals. There are many options that are available to us and the opportunities for funding are out there, however there is not an endless pot of money and we as a club must show that we would put the money to good use in order to stand any chance of investment.Sport coach UK is an example of an organisation that we would qualify for funding from. Our ideas fit in nicely with theirs and our objective to improve the level of our coaching staff would enable us to receive a sum of money. 1000 would be enough to significantly improve the standard of coaching of our staff and give them a chance to gain a higher qualification which could help in their future care ers.The club currently has one Olympic hopeful and we need to do everything possible to maximise their training and give them the best chance possible to succeed. To help the athlete we would bring in specialize high level coaches to train the athlete and also dieticians to provide the athlete with the necessary dietary needs in order to perform to the top level. UK sport deal with elite athletes and by hiring these specific staff to help our talented athletes we would qualify for funding. This funding would go towards the plans for the new equipment that our facility is badly in need of and also towards the payments for the top level coachesAlso through our main objectives and our will to improve participation in sport we may even qualify for funding from Sport England who share the same objectives. With this also being a government initiative we would qualify for funding The club will apply to Sports England small generate scheme for the sum of 10,000 to fund new equipment, faci lity hire and expansion of activities to increase participation to get the local community exercising and maybe get some participant up in the excellence section on the continuum like our triathlon Olympic hopefully.Also additional methods of raising funds could be through business sponsorship and other fundraising events in the local community. We would be holding regular fundraising sporting activities where all the local community is welcome, and any additional funds would be pumped straight back into the sports centre.ConclusionThis report has suggested a series of future developments that should be implemented in order to maximise the potential of the multi sports club and the future needs have been outlined clearly. Possible funding opportunities have been thoroughly discussed and obtaining this funding will prove vital in achieving our key aims. I believe that the five year plan and also the fact that the Olympics will be local will help to make the centre a massive success a nd raise the participation levels greatly in the community. Also all of the staff must be well aware of the relevant sports development conjecture and continuums and the guidelines must be followed to ensure that we can all achieve success in the future.

Teachers’ Knowledge of Legal Issues Surrounding Students’ Rights

Even though lawsuits against teachers keep back multiplied over the lowest decade, teacher preparation institutions and educational leaders crossways our nation require yet to recognize teachers knowlight-emitting diodege of crop law as an area that should be at the top of the priority list for amelioration in teacher training. Although this new, level-headedly influenced educational purlieu has not developed overnight, it has quickly become an area that demands attention among teachers, administrators, and other constituencies.The overabundance of litigation in the united States of America illustrates the legal complexity of the nation and the litigious nature of its citizenry. Accordingly, individuals entering the teaching profession should be equipped with the legal knowledge demand to protect themselves and the assimilators with whom they collapse contact. The purpose of this study is to explore close to of the underlying legislation and literature that depicts the legal issues surrounding students rights and how these issues are interrelated to teachers knowledge of domesticate law.Through the information provided in this paper, it is evident that insight into knowledge of enlightendays law among teachers is an issue that is increasingly important to educators and educational leaders in United States. Introduction In 1989, the American Tort Reform Association (ATRA) surveyed principals and civilise attorneys to determine the impact of legal issues on the educational setting. The study revealed that 58% of the participants postulate changes in school-related programs due to liability concerns and nine percent of respondents reported having been involved in lawsuits or settlements (Sherman, 2000).Only a decade later, the ATRA conducted a similar investigating in which 64% of the respondents reported a difference in school-related programs as a result of liability concerns and 31% of participants reported being involved in lawsuits or se ttlements (Sherman, 2000). In 1999 ATRA reported that nearly one-third of all high school principals have been involved in a lawsuit in the last two years, compared to unaccompanied nine percent, 10 years ago. (Sherman, 2000).Further, Affinity Insurance Services (2003) reported that, the number of lawsuits filed against teachers and other education headmasters has increased at an affright rate -over 270% in the last ten years (p. 2). These findings clearly illustrate the severity of the issue under investigation and highlight the need for corrective and tour measures aimed at reducing the regularity of litigation within the educational environment. Although this research speaks for itself, public sentiment toward filing suits against educators is at the crux of the issue.Stern (2001) reported that for some students and parents, a good lawyer is as important as good grades. Furthermore, Sorokin (2002) stated that society has become increasingly litigious and the law is used only for individualal benefit, especially in the educational setting. Recently, the National Center for Policy Analysis (2003) reported that the rising tide of lawsuits against educators over the last decade has do school discipline difficult, boil downd opportunities for students, and consumed many educational resources.Fischer, Schimmel, and Kelly (2003) state that todays schools function in a complex legal environment, and a wide range of legal issues influence the lives of teachers, students, parents, and administrators (p. vii). Currently, the No Child Left Behind legislation asserts that teachers are protected from most lawsuits if they act within their responsibilities. However, the problem arises in the issue of whether teachers have adequate legal knowledge upon which to define their responsibilities, and subsequently base their decisions for deed or behavior.Additionally, educators operate in environments that are open-systems that are subject to the influence of uncounted extraneous variables. This makes educational policy and daily procedures more difficult to define thus, complicating teachers responsibilities (McCarthy et al. , 2004). For these reasons, it would seem that knowledge of legal responsibilities and legal rights would be at the forefront of professional preparation for preservice educators or professional development for inservice educators. Legal issues surrounding students rights experience of students rights is at the forefront of lawfulness as an educator. Although rights of students are very important to educators, maintaining decree and authority by teachers and other school officials is also a top priority for educational systems. Thus, educators are granted broad powers to establish rules and regulations governing student conduct in the educational setting (Essex, 1999). This power of authority is not absolute rather it mustiness be exercised with reasonableness and the focus must roost on maintaining order and peace.Howeve r, be puzzle students continue to test the limits of their personal freedoms in public schools, frequent collisions arise as educators strive to maintain educational environments that are super conducive to learning (McCarthy et al. , 2004). In dealing with these issues, the courts have generally considered the reasonableness clause as a basis for case decisions. In 1969, the United States self-governing Court handed down a historic decision that challenged the reasonableness consideration, in Tinker v.Des Moines (1969), the court ruled that neither teachers nor students lose their radical rights to freedom of expression when they enter the public schools. The original Amendment guarantees that the federal government cannot abridge personal freedoms. Thus, the Supreme Court ruled that through the Fourteenth Amendment state governments, including Boards of Education, cannot abridge citizens of much(prenominal) freedoms. Consequently, educators have been faced with the increased challenge of maintaining effective educational environments while ensuring personal freedoms (Essex, 1999).Freedom of speech and expression is granted by the setoff Amendment to the U. S. Constitution that states, in part, that Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech, or of press or of the rights of peoples to peacefully assemble. The court has stated that First Amendment rights must receive protection in the educational setting if we are not to strangle the free mind at its source and teach youthfulness to discount important principals of our government as mere platitudes (West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 1943). A multitude of additional court cases has set precedence in the area of students rights. However, the court has recognized that the constitutional rights of students in public school are not automatically coextensive with the rights of adults in other settings (Bethel School rule No. 403 v. Fraser, 1986). Thus, freedom of speech and expression is open to limitation by policies that are reasonably designed based on the conditions of the educational setting (Fischer, Schimmel, and Kelly, 2003).pickings this legislation into consideration, educators should be knowledgeable of situations in which constitutional freedoms do not prevail. Defamatory, obscene, vulgar, and inflammatory expression are not protected in the public school context (McCarthy et al. 2004, p. 115). As a result of Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988), school authorities can limit students freedom of expression in school publications and other school-related activities as long as the limits are based on legitimate educational concerns.In commenting on the utilization of this judicial decision, Rosen (2002) states that administrators with a military bent have no better weapon in their arsenal In general, however, courts have endorsed the notion that educators should limit students freedoms of expression and press only when their action s cause disruption to the educational environment (Essex, 1999). Student-initiated clubs have become very common in the educational setting. Lee (2002) asserts that joining a group that is unified in vision and in action can soothe the difficulties that many alienated students may experience.But, because the nature of some clubs has caused controversy, litigation has ensued. Although freedom of association is not specialally protected under the First Amendment, the Supreme Court has ruled that freedom of association is implicit in the freedoms of speech, assembly, and petition (Healy v. James, 1972). The issue, however, arises in the nature of the association that is taken by the students. Public school students have sought legal espousal for secret societies or closed-membership clubs through the assertion that these associations are supported by First Amendment freedoms.However, the courts have upheld rulings by school officials prohibiting student membership in secret societie s (Burkitt v. School District No. 1 Multnomah County, 1952). Conversely, student-initiated organizations with open membership are centripetal to support under the First Amendment. Accordingly, courts have held that if a public high school allows student associations to meet during noninstructional time, the access policy for such meetings by other groups must be neutral in relation to association content (Dixon v. Beresh, 1973). Due to the legislation resulting from such issues, Congress enacted the Equal Access Act (EAA) in 1984, that confirmed that if a federally assisted secondary school creates an open forum for noncurricular student groups to meet during noninstractional time, it must not deny access to specific groups based on religious, political, or other content of the groups meeting (Fischer, Schimmel, and Kelly, 2003). School officials may only limit meetings that threaten to disrupt the educational environment.As mentioned foregoing in this literature review, the establ ishment of an open forum has been challenged by the Establishment clause when association is of a religious nature (Board of Education of the Westside confederation Schools v. Mergens, 1990). Reflection on this legislation raises the issue of whether or not the creation of an open forum is in the best interest of the school. Fortunately, under the EAA, school districts do retain the option of restricting access to only curriculum related association, rather than creating a limited open forum for student-initiated association.Regardless of the choice, teachers must be aware of the school districts decision and the underlying obligations of this decision in order to avoid instances of controversy when dealing with student-initiated clubs (Imber & caravan Geel, 2000). Freedom of carriage on behalf of students has led to regular litigation in the past. Appearance is of great enormousness to most students. However, when fads and fashion lead to disruptions in the learning environment , controversy usually follows.Although freedom of coming into court has been considered an extension of symbolic expression, which is protected under the First Amendment, the courts have reached contradictory conclusions over this issue (Essex, 1999). In 1982, the court determined that restrictions on student appearance constitute a reasonable means of furthering the school boards undeniable interest in teaching hygiene, instilling discipline, asserting authority, and compelling uniformity (Domico v. Rapides Parish School Board, 1982).Although students have asserted that attire is a means of expression protected under the First Amendment, courts have held that attire can be regulated if it is deemed immodest, disruptive, or unhealthful (Richards v. Thurston, 1970). More stringent restrictions on attire, in the form of uniform policies, have been established in some school systems in order to eliminate gang-related attire, reduce violence, and improve school climate by removing the emphasis placed on attire, thereby enhancing the emphasis on academics (Del Stover, 1996).However, courts have reached contradictory conclusions concerning the constitutionality of mandated school uniform policies. Thus, in order to avoid potential litigation, educators must ensure that a legitimate educational justification is underlying any regulation related to students appearance and teachers must enforce uniform policies based solely upon these established justifications in order to avoid litigation (McCarthy et al. , 2004). Extracurricular activities are integral components of the majority of public school across the nation. In 1975, Goss v. Lopez established that once a state provides public education, students cannot be denied access to this education without due process of law.Although courts have historically held that adulterous activities are fundamental in the educational system, the current view stipulates that conditions may be attached to participation in such activ ities. However, litigation has been contradictory because, courts have not agreed regarding procedural protections that must be provided when students face suspension or expulsion from extracurricular activities (McCarthy et al. 2004, p. 135). Due to these insubstantial rulings, school authorities may not be required to provide formal due process procedures prior to the suspension of a student from extracurricular activities. Nevertheless, if the school district has a policy for suspending students from extracurricular activities, school authorities must abide by this policy, in such instances, an informal hearing and documentation of the underlying rationale for the action is advisable.Suspension based on academic standing, age, conduct, extracurricular participation fees, individual skill, school attendance, residence, and a number of other conditions have been left to the discretion of school district authorities (Imber & Van Geel, 2000). Policies concerning these considerations should be clearly written, they should be communicated to students, teachers, and parents, they should be based on sound educational rationale, and they should be enforced in an indiscriminate manner.Educators should ensure that suspension or denial of participation in extracurricular activities is based on established policy in order to avoid litigation in this area. Conclusion In this litigious society, to protect themselves and the students they teach, teachers should have ample knowledge of school law. Determining the level of knowledge of school law and the importance that teachers place on this knowledge is important so that college officials, school administrators, and teachers can make decisions focused on improving knowledge in deficient areas, such as legal issues pertaining to students rights.Educating particular groups to increase law knowledge will remain a great challenge for universities officials, school administrators, and teachers because no one person or group of people is like that of another and because no one person or group shares the same educational or practical experiences. Knowledge of the law pertaining to students rights is of extreme importance to educators because by their very nature schools are places where students often wish to express their ideas through speech and other means (Imber & Van Geel, 2000, p. 37). Thus, teachers should be prepared to lawfully allow students to exercise their constitutional rights while maintaining the structure and integrity of the educational system. In doing so, students will experience an enriched educational environment based upon diversity of ideals, respect for self and others, and, most importantly, the liberties granted by the U. S. Constitution that have defined our nation and its citizenry.

Causes of Air Accidents

Air Accident An Air accident is the worst nightmargon of each pilot or passenger that has ever ridden in an aircraft. Although air travel is adept of the safest forms of transportations, accidents do happen with dramatic and terrifying results. The circumstance of Air accidents takes smear by four causes fraudulence and landing, mechanical failures, pilot error, and bad weather. One cause of Air accidents take place is during takeoff and landing. Approximately 80 share of all aviation accidents occur shortly before, after, or during takeoff or landing, and are often described as resulting from human error. The causes of Air accident is metamorphose greatly depending on problems that may develop during the flight possess. In many situations these accidents scum bag be completely avoided through careful preparation and effective condom techniques. Taxi and Takeoff is one of the more or less important parts of a flight. The preflight and planning stages of the operation must be carefully done to prevent accidents and execute many lives. Landing Accidents during Descent account for 36 percent of all general Air mishaps and are the most common type of accident.When combined, taxi and takeoff accidents account for about 22percent jet airplane accidents, and about 22percent of all fatalities. Another cause of Air accidents is mechanical failures. No form of transportation is completely safe, and no machine is completely foolproof. Mechanical failure is responsible for 13percent of all commercial airplane accidents. An airplane can crash if engine failure can accrue in form of simple stalling. It could be as worse as a complete detachment of the motor itself.Many Modern planes have more than one engine and this allows the plane to continue to fly when one is shut down. However, these other cases where all shut at one, or one after the other, and accident occur. Anything that can go wrong will go wrong. Tragically, this sometimes applies to Air accidents when mechanical failures occur. A somewhat different cause for Air accidents is a pilot error. When most people make mistakes at their jobs, their employment can be terminated.In contrast, when pilots are negligent or make errors while on their jobs, there is potential for hundreds of lives to be terminated. The pilots receive extensive training designed to prepare them to handle a wide variety of situations, but there are times when fatal mistakes are made. When flight crew and pilots do their jobs correctly, Air accidents are much less likely to occur. Another important cause of Air accidents is bad weather. For example, flying at peak thunderstorm times should be avoided.In addition, flying at night is no safer than flying in the day. The weather caused 4percent of Air accidents. However, other problems made up the remaining 4percent. Most plane crashes happen in the months of September and December. However, no one from any investigation knows almost Air accidents happened in these two months. In conclusion, the circumstance of Air accidents takes place by four causes takeoff and landing, mechanical failures, pilot errors, and bad weather. Yet many airplane accidents still have outlander causes.

Patient Abuse in Nursing Facilities Essay

Patient debauch in nurse facilities is becoming more prominent. maltreatment is not only physical, but emotional, sexual, put down and monetary exploitations. The sr. are the most vulnerable and least likely to complain, so unfortunately they are the targets. virtually families research in depth about the nursing facility that they will place their loved one, in hopes that abuse doesnt occur. Although the research is done, families should still font for signs and symptoms of abuse since they are leaving their loved one in strangers hands.According to (Center), A recent investigation concluded that employment checks do not always provide adequate cling toion against elder mistreatment. For instance, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services prohibit nursing central offices from hiring psyches with a prior history of committing abuse in a nursing home setting, but those who suck up been convicted of opposite forms of abuse like child abuse may still be hired. Some s tates require a criminal background check, charm others do not. Even so, these checks usually do not unc everywhere convictions in another state.Furthermore, in some states, non-caregiving module such(prenominal) as maintenance workers and others without a direct patient care role do not nethergo criminal checks even though they may have direct access to patients and patient areas. Understaffing is a common cause of nursing home abuse. When staff members become overworked, they may begin to lose their patience with the nursing home occupants. In addition, understaffing leaves umpteen workers unsupervised or untrained, which outhouse lead to nursing home abuse.Still, physical abuse in nursing homes is illegal, and the owners of the assisted upkeep facility can be held liable if a nonmigratory is subject to nursing home abuse or neglect. Sometimes, it is difficult to identify nursing home nonmigratorys who have been physically abused. Very often, members of the nursing home st aff will state that the residents injuries were the result of a fall rather than the existing causenursing home abuse. In addition, the staff member may bully the resident into agreeing with their story.Because detecting signs of physical nursing home abuse can be difficult, loved ones should pay careful attention when visiting the nursing home. Be aware of the common signs of physical nursing home abuse, including unexplained bruising, cuts, sprains, fractures and dis separateed bones and open wounds. In addition to physical signs, nursing home patients who have been physically abused may also show changes in their behavior. If the resident appears withdrawn, fearful, nervous or depressed, they may be suffering from physical nursing home abuse.The most common type of physical abuse is battery, which can allow in forcing the resident into restraints for no valid reason. Other forms of physical abuse in nursing homes take overmedication, use of excessive restraints, chemical or ph ysical, for no reason, burning, pushing, shoving, squash feeding, hitting the resident with the hand or an object, pulling the residents hair and mishandling the resident when transporting them from beds, bathrooms etc ( (Morgan).According to (Emotional Abuse in Nursing Homes), Emotional abuse in nursing homes is not as overt as other forms of abuse. Regardless, the effects that emotional abuse in nursing homes can result in are damaging to the happiness, health, and other areas of that residents life. Not knowing what signs to look for can allow emotional abuse in nursing homes to continue. oftentimes times, a resident thinks that telling someone about abuse suffered, including emotional abuse in nursing homes, will make them a burden to the family or they feel afraid of enduring an increased amount of abuse.If emotional abuse in nursing homes is occurring the family members should immediately notify the facility. The facility should amend the situation at once but if the emotion al abuse in nursing homes persists, the family should take further action. The chances of the emotional abuse in nursing homes occurring to just one resident are very slim so other residents are probably suffering as well. Emotional abuse in nursing homes can include humiliation, harassment, threat of punishment, deprivation, and intimidation, as well as other behaviors.One of the most pervasive forms of nursing home abuse today is that of neglect. Nursing home neglect is too frequently overlooked and results all too often in a decline in general health and eventually the death of those elderly people entrusted to nursing home care facilities. The problem can occur allwhere and can take many shapes. What makes this particularly sinister is that it can be overlooked or ignored for so long. Even upon repeated visits to a nursing home, the signs of nursing home neglect can remain hidden.In order to understand the scope of the problem, it is important to know the different types of nur sing home neglect and nursing home abuse. The most obvious, most egregious, and the first that comes to mind for many people is physical neglect. Unfortunately common in nursing homes today, neglect takes many forms, however, all of which are disturbing in their own right. Any of the pursuance forms of neglect warrant contacting a nursing home abuse lawyer to bring justice to the victim of neglect, as well as make conditions safer for other residents (Center).According to (Financial Exploitation of Nursing Home Residents), Financial exploitation of the elderly occurs when an individual takes or uses the money or property of a senior for any wrongful use, or with the intent to defraud the elder. Senior citizens who live in nursing homes or other long-term care facilities can be victims of financial abuse by their direct care give inrs or by the administrators of the nursing homes. Financial exploitation is defined as the wrongful use of an individuals pecuniary resource or property for anothers advantage.This can occur when residents personal or financial resources are taken from them without their consent, either because the residents were incapacitated and unable to give consent or because they were subjected to threats, intimidation, manipulation, and deception. Examples of financial exploitation include cashing an elderly persons checks without authorization, forging a seniors signature, stealing an older persons money or possessions, or deceiving an older person into signing any contract, will, or other document.According to (Nursing Home Abuse), It is critical for every resident to understand their nursing home patient rights in order to successfully acclimate to the very different living environment of a skilled nursing facility. Patients and their families should become well versed in the policies and procedures inherent to life in the facility and must know exactly what they can and should expect when it comes to care and safety.In the US, the federa l government and each state government have written legislation which guarantees each nursing home resident specific and general rights while under professional care. Most foreign counties have similar laws enacted to protect elders from abuse and neglect in nursing facilities, as well. When your loved one is located in a nursing home, it is required that they are given a written bill of patients rights. It is recommended that the family and loved one go over this bill of rights in detail so they are familiar with the rights of their loved one.Most often, nursing home patients cannot defend themselves, due to several different reasons physical health, mental health, social isolation or dependency issues. Unless someone comes forward for these patients, they wont get help and no one is penalized for their actions. Many do not know how to report nursing home abuse, so they remain silent and struggle with their disturbing knowledge of the abuse or neglect. Once the repost is filed, th e make-up that is responsible, will investigate thoroughly and will hold the person/persons responsible for their actions.If you are a family member and suspect any minor abuse or neglect, it is always wise to report the activity to the nursing home administrator directly. Tell them that you have evidence of the abuse and that you intend to take this matter as far as it will go. Do not back down. If the infraction is minor and resulted in no real damage, then you may consider allowing them to aim the staff member internally. Just be sure to watch out for any retribution which may come back to your loved one if the staff member is not fired.If the infraction is more serious or you do not feel completely confident that the matter will be colonized in the best interest of your loved one, then take the concern one step further. Immediately call police and report the incident. Additionally, contact grownup protective services, your ombudsman, your local nursing home regulatory agency a nd Medicare, if applicable. You might also consider consulting with a nursing home abuse attorney and register a civil lawsuit (Nursing Home Abuse).Although abuse in nursing facilities is becoming more prominent, there are several things that family members can do to protect their loved one from being a victim from this horrible crime. The elderly are very vulnerable, but they do not deserve the abuse that the under paid, aggravated staff member may give them. If someone suspects abuse in a nursing facility, they should report it immediately. If not, this makes you just as guilty.

Who Killed Reconstruction?

pairing or southernmost Who Killed reconstructive memory? Harpers Weekly September 1, 1868 Harpers Weekly September 1, 1868 Is This a republican Form of Government? Is This Protecting Life, Liberty, or Property? Is This a Republican Form of Government? Is This Protecting Life, Liberty, or Property? Overview The twelve historic period after the Civil War proved to be a difficult cartridge holder for America. Called Reconstruction by historians, this era saw an increase of freedom for former knuckle downs. However, there was also great resistance to change.In 1877 attempts to reconstruct the South officially mop uped, divergence white-only governments in power. This DBQ asks you to decide who, North or South, was most responsible for the fire of Reconstruction Background Essay North or South Who Killed Reconstruction the break ones back went free stood a brief moment in the sun then moved back again toward slavery. -W. E. B. Dubois 1876 was an exciting year for America. It was the 100th anniversary of The contract bridge of Independence and America was on the move. Homesteaders and ranchers were filling up the land west of the Mississippi River.Railroads were being built at an astounding rate. It searched the United kingdoms was creating enough probability that all Americans and millions of immigrants could pursue their hopes for happiness just as Thomas Jefferson had envisioned 100 years earlier. So it is a great irony of history that the election of 1876 officially crushed the American dream for millions of black Americans. This election saw Rutherford B. Hayes, the Republican candidate and purgetual winner, square off against Samuel J. Tilden, the Democratic nominee. Although Tilden won the best-selling(predicate) ote by a wide margin, election results in Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana were so close that a winner could not be determined. If these three states went for Hayes, he would win the Electoral College vote and become Presiden t. Talk of a new Civil War was in the air as the opponents in the disputed states submitted fork sets of electoral ballots. An informal agreement, now called The Compromise of 1877, avoided the crisis by granting Hayes the Presidency. In return, Hayes promised to remove the last Federal soldiers from the South, almost guaranteeing that all-white governments would rise to power.The dream of Reconstruction was officially dead. For a while, however, it had seemed that the dream of Reconstruction might be realized. The 13th Amendment ended slavery. The 14th Amendment gave black Americans citizenship and civil rights. A Military Reconstruction proceed was passed to make sure African-Americans new rights were protected. dim churches were founded. Public schools were built for black children, and universities like Howard, Fisk, Morehouse, and Hampton were founded for black students seeking higher education.Sixteen African-Americans were elected to Congress and numerous others served at state and local levels. Finally, the 15th Amendment was ratified making it illegal to deny someone the right to vote based on race. Indeed, real progress was made. However, in the early 1870s, the tide shifted. Southern states began to elect governments dedicated to whites-only rule. Between 1870 and 1876 all but three Southern states turned back Reconstruction efforts. When Rutherford B. Hayes agree to remove federal soldiers, he was simply putting an end to an already dying effort.But dying or dead, what had gone wrong? Your job is to read the documents that copy and answer the question North or South Who killed Reconstruction? 1. Why was 1876 an important year for America? 2. Who ran for President in 1876? What were their political parties? 3. An irony is something you dont expect, something that doesnt seem to fit. What was the irony of history that occurred in 1876? 4. What was the Compromise of 1877? Who got what? 5. Describe each of the following Amendments to the Constituti on. a. 13th Amendment b. 14th Amendment . 15th Amendment put down A Source In the years following the Civil War throughout the South -state, city, and town governments passed faithfulnesss to restrict the rights of free African-American men and women. These laws were often called Black Codes. The example below of Black Codes comes from laws passed in Opelousas, Louisiana immediately after the Civil War. - 1. No pitch blackness or freedmen shall be allowed to come within the limits of the town of Opelousas without special permission from his employers.Whoever breaks this law will go to jail and work for two days on the public streets, or pay a fine of five dollars. - - 2. No negro or freedman shall be permitted to rent or keep a house in town under any circumstances. No negro or freedman shall live within the town who does not work for some white person or former owner. - - 3. No public meetings of negroes or freedmen shall be allowed within the town. - - 4. No freedman shall be allowed to carry firearms, or any kind of weapons. No freedman shall sell or exchange any oblige of merchandise within the limits of Opelousas without permission in writing from his employer. - - 5. Every negro is to be in the service of (work for) some white person, or former owner. Document Analysis How did black codes restrict the freedom of freedmen? Document B Document Analysis Based on the document above and your knowledge of U. S. history, what was the real end result of sharecropping? Document C Source Albion Tourgee, Letter on Ku Klux Klan Activities. New York Tribune, whitethorn 1870. Note Tourgee was a white, Northern soldier who settled in North Carolina after the War. He served as a judge during Reconstruction and wrote this letter to the North Carolina Republican Senator, Joseph Carter Abbott. - It is my mournful duty to inform you that our friend John W. Stephens, State Senator from Caswell, is dead. He was foully murdered by the Ku-Klux in the Grand Jury room of the Court House on Saturday He was stabbed five or six-spot times, and then hanged on a hook in the Grand Jury room Another brave, honest Republican citizen has met his fate at the hands of these fiends - I have very little doubt that I shall be one of the next victims. My steps ave been dogged for months, and only a good opportunity has been scatty to secure to me the fate which Stephens has just met I say to you plainly that any member of Congress who, especially if from the South, does not support, advocate, and urge immediate, active, and thorough measures to put an end to these outragesis a coward, a traitor, or a fool. - Source Independent Monitor, September 1, 1868. Document Analysis What group(s) is the KKK threatening? According to Tourgee, what types of lot are being attacked by the KKK?Why would the KKK attack these people? How do these documents help answer the DBQ question? Document C Source Abram Colby, testimony to a joint House and Senate citizens committee in 1872. Note Colby was a former slave who was elected to the Georgia State legislature during Reconstruction. - Colby On the 29th of October 1869, the Klansmen broke my door open, took me out of bed, took me to the woodwind instrument and whipped me three hours or more and left me for dead. They said to me, Do you think you will ever vote another damned Radical ticket? I said, If there was an election tomorrow, I would vote the Radical ticket. They set in and whipped me a thousand licks more, with sticks and straps that had buckles on the ends of them. - - Question What is the character of those men who were engaged in whipping you? - - Colby Some are first-class men in our town. One is a lawyer, one a doctor, and some are farmers They said I had voted for assignment and had carried the Negroes against them.About two days before they whipped me they offered me $5,000 to go with them and said they would pay me $2,500 in cash if I would let another man go to the legislature in my pl ace. I told them that I would not do it if they would give me all the county was worth No man can make a free speech in my county. I do not believe it can be done anywhere in Georgia. Source Harpers Weekly, October 21, 1876. Caption Of Course he wants to vote the Democratic ticket. Document Analysis Why did the KKK attack Abram Colby? According to Colby, what types of people make up the KKK? What seems to be the ultimate goal of the KKK?What is the main approximation of the cartoon? Document D Source Gerald Danzer et al. , The Americans, McDougall Littell, 1998. - in the 1870s, Northern voters grew indifferent to events in the South. Weary of the Negro Question and sick of carpet-bag government, many Northern voters shifted their attention to such national concerns as the Panic of 1873 and corruption in Grants administration. Although political violence continued in the South the tide of public opinion in the North began to turn against Reconstruction policies.Source Kenneth Sta mpp, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, Vintage, 1967. - Meanwhile southern Democrats gained strength when Congress finally removed the political disabilities from most of the prewar leadership. In May 1872, because of pressure from the Liberal Republican, Congress passed a general amnesty act which restored the right of office holding and voting to the vast majority of those who had been disqualifiedAfter the transit of this act only a few hundred ex-Confederates remained unpardoned. Document AnalysisExplain the phrases weary of the Negro Question and sick of carpet-bag government. Why might increased anger roughly the corruption in government lead to less interest in government attempts to reconstruct the South? How did the restoration of voting rights to white Southerners undermine efforts to concern and protect the voting rights of the freedmen? Document E Source Heather Cox Richardson, The Death of Reconstruction Race, Labor and Politics in the Post-Civil War North, 1865 -1901. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2001. -In the fall of 1873, even the staunchly (firmly) pro-Grant and pro-freedman Boston Evening Transcript ran a letter arguing that the blacks, as a people, are unfitted for the proper exercise of political duties. The rising propagation of blacks needed a period of probation and instruction a period long enough for the black to have forgotten something of his condition as a slave and learned much of the true method of gaining honorable subsistence and of performing the duties of any position to which he might aspire. Northern artists portrayal of the South Carolina State Legislature during Reconstruction.Source The Cover of Harpers Weekly, March 14, 1874 Document Analysis According to the letter from the Boston Evening Transcript, why did some people believe blacks were unfit to be government officials? How does this letter show racism existed in the North? How do this cartoon & letter help explain why Northerners lo st interest in Reconstruction? How does the image above depict black politicians in the South? Document F Document Analysis How was it possible that Hayes won the election of 1876? How did this disputed election lead to the end of Reconstruction?

Examine how Shakespeare presents the female characters Essay

Examine how Shakespeare presents the female characters in Hamlet and what the response of a juvenile day audience might be to this aspect of the play. As Hamlet was set in the Elizabethan period it is necessary to consider the portrayal of woman in the play as a simile with women in a neo day caller. Similarly to most literature written during this period, Hamlet conveys womens lower status to men. This can be thought of as the stereotypical view in Elizabethan society. We know that women were not even able to act in plays and that young men had to play the move of women. matchless of the main meanss we may interpret the portrayal of woman is through the language, and in any(prenominal) cases stage directions of various characters, in various scenes. It may be true to say that the characters of Ophelia and Gertrude are depicted as weak and submissive, this is seen by men as well as themselves. They can be seen to be merely driving factors of the play rather than main elements such as Hamlet. It may also be suggested that due to these facts, the play Hamlet may be written differently if written today, in terms of language, in order to suit a modern day audience.It can be argued that the way Shakespeare has presented women, reflecting society in the Elizabethan period, may not be acceptable in todays society. One of the principle aspects to consider is how female characters are portrayed and therefore treated by others in the play. Ophelia is an provoke character, and it is important to explore her relationships, her language, and also her death prior to concluding her portrayal. This may be noticed in her relationship with the men in her family.In work out one, the relationship shared between Polonius, Laertes and Ophelia may be compared. When looking at Polonius relationship with his daughter it may be noticed that he is not quite as willing to give in to her wishes. Instead he gives her strenuous warnings about how to behave in relation to Hamlet. Do not believe his vows, for they are brokers, Polonius tells Ophelia not to believe what Hamlet says to her. . However, he does try out his concern for her, because he is warning her to be very careful in this business.Polonius forbids Ophelia to associate herself with Hamlet, telling her that he is deceiving in his declaration of love. It is extremely doubtful that he is simply doing this to deny her of what she wants however the audience becomes assured of the domination and power he has over his daughter. Another view is that daughters were merely supposed to bring result and honour to the family and that Polonius may have been more concerned about his reputation, rather than the happiness of his daughter.Ophelia dutifully obeys her father, responding minimally with I shall obey, my lord. This type of attitude was thought of as normal in the Elizabethan times. It mustiness also be noticed that the protective role of a father over his daughter, and a associate over his siste r would not be thought of as abnormal in todays society. It is the extent to which this protectiveness is present, and the fact that Ophelia shows no intention to disobey their wishes, that would both surprise and amaze a modern day audience.The extent of domination, particularly over a daughters personal matters such as marriage would be normal in Elizabethan times. However, similar to today, a father would not be as protective over his son as he would over his daughter. Earlier in Act 1, Laertes warns Ophelia about Hamlets love, describing it almost as youthful infatuation. He explains to her that as Hamlet is a prince he cannot film his own wife and must marry in the interest of the state.Again, this type of advice and awareness of status would not be criticised by a modern day audience. Laertes approach is indeed blunt, and Ophelia is told directly not to be so foolish as to trust the Prince outright. Ophelia says that she will keep his advice as a watchman stuffy to her feel ing I shall theffect of this good lesson keep as a watchman to my heart. She hints to him that he should not give her advice that he does not follow himself. show me the steep and thorny way to heaven, himself the primrose path of dalliance treads.

Cell Phone Effects on Youth Essay

In powerful effect range of a function, media has immediate, direct influence and assumes that masses argon passive and absorb media content uncritically & unconditionally. That paradigm related to Frankfurt school of though. tether theories come under this paradigm one is plentitude society guess, second is Magic bullet surmise and third is Critical theory. All that theories based on impudences, that all theories shows that media has strong imp minute on earshot and a malignant force indoors the society.Mass society theoryThis theory is related to media and Herbert Marcuse presented this musical theme. Its a first media theory and also known as Grand hypothesis. Mass rules of order Theory is based on various effronterys. Following ar the assumptions of Mass Society Theory 1. The media ar a malignant, messcerous force within society and must be purged or totally restructured. 2. Media take away the power to reach out and directly influence the minds of average mess . 3. Once communitys minds ar corrupted by media, all sorts of bad long- termination consequences result not only obstetrical delivery recrudesce to individual lives, but also creating cordial problems on a vast scale 4. Average people are vulnerable to media because they have been skim off and isolated from traditional institutions that previously protected them from manipulation. 5. The mixer chaos initiated by media will inevitably be immovable by establishment of a totalistic social order. 6. Mass media inevitably debase higher forms of culture bring about generation adjust in civilization.Read moreNegative Effects of Smartphones on YouthLimited effect paradigmLimited effect paradigm idea has been associated with Paul Lazarsfeld and his colleagues. They focused on the media effect is measureable, short term and concluded that the media played a limited role in influencing public notion. The Limited-Effects Model developed by Lazarsfeld and his colleagues from Columbia was highly influential in the development of media studies. The model claims the mass media has limited-effects on audience. Comparison of Mass Society Theory Assumptions with Limited Effect Paradigm1. The media are a malignant, assholecerous force within society and must be purged or totally restructured. The Functional outline Theory rejected this assumption as in this theory media is a healthy organization and has a positive role within the society, and development Flow Theory also discarded this assumption that all information does not apportion valuable and 80% people heard and read soft news so the reaction and the ban effect of media is less.2. Media have the power to reach out and directly influence the minds of average people. Two trample flows discarded this assumption, this theory urges media to be less direct and less powerful effects and people are much more affected by opinion leaders rather than media. As in the Information Flow Theory most news are unnoticed b y people so how it can affect average people and also in the Attitude Change Theory, society or people cannot change by media. People changed when they want change or change their self.3. Once peoples minds are corrupted by media, all sorts of bad long-term consequences result not only bringing ruin to individual lives, but also creating social problems on a vast scale. Attitudes Change Theory discarded this assumption that ever-changing is a complex process and societal change is a let up process. As in a Cognitive Dissonance Theory, anything which is inconsistence that effect is less. Psychological disorder topics have a less effect on audience. One more theory rejected this assumption Functional Analysis Theory says that media role is positive in the society.4. Average people are vulnerable to media because they have been cut off and isolated from traditional institutions that previously protected them from manipulation. Reinforcement Theory rejected this assumption it says tha t media act to reinforcement already held beliefs and idea. Change transpire by family, school, church etc and traditional institution are mute there and have strong power to stop the individual an society by manipulation. As in Cognitive Consistency Theory people consciously or unconsciously want to see those bring or programs which are of their interest. Two Step Model also discarded this assumption by opinion leaders are attached with our institutions and in the Attitude Change Theory, in human attitude changing these three variables play focal role, 1.the Communicator, 2.communication, 3.situation.5. The social chaos initiated by media will inevitably be resolved by establishment of a totalitarian social order. Only Innovation Diffusion Theory hold up that assumption. New idea, information introduced in the society by innovators, to spread any new idea is society has five stages by establishment of totalitarian social order the social chaos can be pave. 6. Mass media inevitab ly debase higher forms of culture bring about generation lineage in civilization. Cognitive Consistency rejected this assumption people always try to hold their real beliefs so they do not allow to change their culture and values. As Reinforcement Theory, media acts to reinforce the already held and existing beliefs and ideas. It does not disturb society by creating any change. ConclusionMass society theory portrait media role is negative and malignant force within the society but there are many other theories which describes that media role is positive and it is a healthy institution like other social institutions. Change always comes, when people want change or try to change themselves. We negated all these assumption by these imperial studies.

Pip, Magwitch, Miss Havisham and Estella in Great Expectations

Compare and demarcation line the presendation of Pip, Magwitch, overlook Havisham and Estella in the opening chapter of Great Expectation Compare and contrast the presentation of Pip, Magwitch, young woman Havisham and Estella in the opening chapters of Great Expectations. Explain which characters you intent good- result for and why? Great Expectations written by Charles Dickens is a classic Victorian novel and is often regarded as the authors finest achievement. save it was origin anyy written as a series with all(prenominal) chapter appearing in a composition which has an affect on the whole structure.The end of to each one chapter must be exciting to make the indorser read the next edition. In the novel, Dickens manages to express his criticisms of Victorian society, most probably due to his have got experiences as a child. In Great Expectations discernment is a key emotion and theme entangle by the subscriber and some of the characters. Dickens manages to make the re ader sympathise towards the four main characters Pip, Magwitch, Estella and Miss Havisham despite their different ages, gender, characteristics and social status.In the opening chapter we are introduced to Pip, a lonely orphan, and Magwitch an escaped convict. Magwitch threatens Pip into thieving some food for him as well as a file to get rid of the bonds on his legs. These two characters are complete contradiction in termss of each other with Pip being described a small bundle of shivers while Magwitch is described with animal like characteristics. We bum easily understand that Magwitch is monstrous be originator he has irons on his legs, suggesting that he is an escaped convict.At this point the audience will feel kind-hearted towards Pip and angrier towards Magwitch because he threatens the innocent and misfortuned Pip. The opening chapter portrays Pip as innocent, lonely, vulnerable and scared. He is described as a trembling bundle of shivers and on a few occasions his spee ch falters due to his idolise of Magwitch. On the other hand, Magwitch, is described as a fearful man in coarse grey, smothered in mud and in broken shoes.His voice is described as terrible and he growls depicting him as animal like or with animal characteristics which does not let the reader feel any sympathy for him. From the opening chapter we learn that Pip is an orphan, his parents as well as his brothers and sisters are all buried side by side. He was bought up by hand by his sister who is married woman of a local blacksmith, Joe Gargery, Pips closest friend. This causes the reader to almost instantly feel sympathy for Pip. However the readers re achievement or feelings towards Magwitch are more likely to be hostile.They may feel that the intimidation or bullying of a vulnerable child deserves no sympathy yet by the end of the novel, Dickens manages to justify Magwitch, as the individuals life of the main characters are joined up and all the answers are revealed. The setti ng is also important. Dickens had decided to use pathetic fallacy in order to reflect the characters feelings by describing the surrounding environment. In this case, Pip is almost crying. He is surrounded by the graves of his family and is feeling depressed which is made worse by this sudden appearance by this alarming stranger, Magwitch.This is shown by the repetition of dead and buried and emotive words such as savage liar, bleak and dark, flat and wilderness which reflect Pips emotions. In chapter 8 we are introduced to Estella and Miss Havisham, Pip is sent to Satis House to play where he meets a beautiful but cold hearted, Estella and a rather case Miss Havisham. Pathetic fallacy is used once again as Satis House reflects Miss Havishams feelings. When Pip fist sees Satis House, and Miss Havishams room he notices that there were No glimpses of daylight, and that it was empty and deceived.Miss Havishams c musshes and herself also seem, melancholy and decayed e genuinelything w ithin my view which ought to be white was faded and yellow. This shows how shes depressed and old. At first, the reader may feel that Miss Havisham is mad or eccentric. The reader will feel little sympathy for her situation until later on in the novel when they learn the cause of her misery. Although the author does give the reader a clue when he makes Miss Havisham shout Broken whilst pointing to her heart.This action will cause intrigue as the story goes on whilst we learn more about the pasts of each character. Both Miss Havisham and Estella treat Pip with disdain. They both insult him. Miss Havisham patronises him by saying you can do that, when she wanted him to call Estella. Estella later exclaims what coarse hands he has which later causes him to cry creating gain ground sympathy as the reader is reminded of Pips lower social status. Estella is portrayed as very(prenominal) pompous, stuck up and possibly quite cold hearted. Despite this, Pip seems attracted to Estella.He describes her as very pretty and seemed very proud, although the readers attitude towards her would be that shes too arrogant and possibly spoilt. In chapter 8 there is no reason for the reader to feel sympathetic towards to Estella, however, by the end, she becomes the victim and her situation earns her sympathy although some people may feel that she deserved what she got. In conclusion, in the opening chapters of Great Expectations, I believe that Pip earns the most sympathy due to the way he is presented his frailty and him being an orphan being the key emotional areas.However, later on as we learn more about each of the other characters, we feel more sympathetic towards them. By the end of the novel, each character is an almost contradiction to themselves as Dickens argues against society suggesting that people can change. Poor, trembling Pip has grown up, he has decent money, which is what he wanted, he becomes educated and is a gentlemen, whereas the arrogant and beautiful Es tella becomes quiet and battered, her beauty now occult behind her scars.Miss Havisham dies understanding, that although she felt it is necessary to gain her revenge on men, due to her pain, shed caused a lot of pain by creating a monster in the cold hearted Estella which meant that her once broken heart could last feel again. Finally, Magwitch, who seemed to be rough and animal like, mellows down and forms a bond between himself and Pip. His story helps the reader understand him and the hatred they felt towards him in the opening chapters is directed towards Compeyson who becomes the common enemy and villain who meets a just end.

Geoffrey Chaucer’s the Wife of Bath Essay

The wife of Baths Prologue and Tale explore galore(postnominal) aspects of patriarchy and some durations reveal surprising attitudes within the tale and prologue. Discuss.Geoffrey Chaucers the married woman of Bath is a textual matter which is interwoven with references to Patriarchy and unanticipated attitudes towards the social backdrop in which it was created.Written in a pointedness where males dominated the hierarchy, Chaucer through the Wife portrays the reversal of traditional roles, and a sense of rebellion and feministic instincts which at the time appe bed extraordinary His poetic sensibility, combined with an immense understanding nigh men and women, enabled him to survey the life about him with such imaginative insight and power. (Bennet 74) Throughout the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer speaks with remarkable sureness on a huge mountain range of subjects. This is perhaps made possible by the assortment of characters from all areas of society which travel on the pilgr image.Alisouns character is perhaps best encapsulated in the manner of her entrance to the Tales. Clothed in the finest garments, her hosen weven of fyn scarlet expect, well-travelled and carteyn so wroth, the Wife Strides into the Canterbury Tales on a large horse, spurs jangling, and occupyy to assert herself in a company made up almost entirely of men She is a medieval housewife who is not just going to star in a story, she is going to tell it. (Reading the Wifes Prologue and Tale) A far cry from the meek and submissive maidens so often portrayed in classic lit and fables prior to this the Wife is independent, liberated and outspoken.The Wifes relationship to the men in her life is often one of amount of money domination and manipulation. She enjoys maistyre over her male counterparts Unne the mught they the statut holdeIn which that they were bounden un to meYe woot wel what I mean of this, pardeeAs help me God, I laughe whan I thynkeHow piteously a- nyght I made hem swynke.T he Wife governs many aspects of her husbands lives, and rules with special sovereignty in the bedroom. Her sexual powers are and obvious source of seduction and surmount over her admirers.Very much a humanistic text, the Canterbury Tales constantly remind the reader of the complexity of the human character. one exercising of this could be the Knight, the conformation of chivalrye, Trouthe and honour, freedom and curteisye in the hierarchy of society at the time. At first he appears to determine the precondition perfectly. The however subtle passing motion which slightly removes the Knight from this brave and righteous tradition is go away with us when he is described as meke as a mayde.Chaucer understood the depth of personality in each individual, and that a stereotype is never applicable. His characters almost forever and a day only very nearly fit the stereotype, and leave us scope to remain unconvinced about the rest. This refusal to comply with what many would describe as the one dimensional and traditional Fairytale characters allows for the issues of patriarchy to be discusses liberally.Interestingly, even at points of text which hypothesise a relaxed and conversational tone, the Wife constantly feels the requirement to reemphasise and argue her point with references to astrology and scriptural references. These biblical references however are often contorted to suit the Wifes requirement in the argument. For example the term from Genesis 122,28Go forth and multiply is used as an excuse for the remarriage of the wife. This control and knowledge of the Churchs text represent a disregard to Patriarchal structures at many levels. The male governed Church, with its male oriented texts and belief systems for the Wife especially represent the oppression of men. For Alisoun the structures of publications, religion and authority are connected in that they represent male dominance.The Wife of Bath however pottynot be wholly classified as a pro femin ist character. At many levels her dishonest, manipulative nature reinforces the special K negative conceptions of anti- feminism at the time. Hansen (cited in Beidler) claims that this anti-feminist discourse mentioned above is less of a product of crust towards patriarchal literature. Instead she is trapped in a prison house of anti-feminist discourse.She is unable to see that her tactical manoeuvre simply reinforce all the stereotypical Medival ideas about women as cruel, emotional, and sexually voracious. Chaucer therefore is seen as reinforcing antifeminist views quite an than undermining them. Alisoun provides a vessal through which thousands of years of antifeminist literature are regurgitated with a revised purpose and tone of archness. One example of this method comes in Alisouns first words to the group, a repeat of earlier magniloquence (Awkroyd) Expeience, though no autoritee,Were in this world, is right ynogh for meTo speak of woe that is in marriage.Peter Awkroyd ( 2005) believes that Chaucer uses much of the antifeminist literature of the period but, by placing it in the Wifes capacious mouth, he lends it a new and juiceless lease of life.The Wifes five marriages on the outset portray a sense of measured systematic marrying for the advancement of wealth and power. However, it could be argued that Alison was more than simply a ruthless professional. There are arguments that the fourth, and especially the fifth husband Jenkin, captured her love and stood in more than equal stead with their spouse That al myn herte I yaf unto his hold/ He was, I trowe, a twenty winter oold, and I was fourty. Although the true love described by Chaucer at first appears conformal to the description of traditional literature, as often the case in the Tales, there is a cause for disease.In this case the context in which the romance begins, the burial observation of husband number four, Alisoun covets the younger page boy and her future husband. In Jankin, Alisoun finds a man to which she is volition to submit. Cruel, abusive, manipulative this husband domineers the relationship, physically, emotionally and sexually. At this stage the once immovable opposition to patriarchy admits that he partner so well koude he me glose.Furthermore the Wife admits that it is this form of denial and subornation in a relationship which causes women to crave what they cannot have wait whatcrave The dictatorship of Jenkin is further developed by Minnis, who claims Jenkin read aloud to her (translating from his anthology of antifeminist texts It could be said then that she has learned at home, from her husband how acquiescent and submissive can one get? (Minnis 249)The Wife of Baths Tale and Prologue, as a text which attempts to run across Patriarchy, the attitudes portrayed are purposely less definable. Often categorised as either a feminist or anti- feminist text, The Wife of Bath is a complex mixture between the two. Chaucer, as always does not provide sp ecific or obvious attitudes to these hierarchies and relationships. Instead, like his characters he provides us with an insightful cross- atom of the Patriarchal society in which he existed.Reference ListAwkroyd, Peter. The Tales of Canterbury. Chaucer. London Vintage, 2005. 150 53. Beidler, Peter G. Geoffrey Chaucer The Wife of Bath. New York Bedford Books, 1996. Bennet, H.S. Chaucer. Oxford History of English Literature Chaucer and the Fifteenth Century. Ed. F.P Wilson and Bonamy Dobre. London Oxford, 1947. 74 75. Minnis, Alastair. Chapter 4 Gender as Fallibility. Fallible Authors Chaucers Pardonerand Wife of Bath. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. 249. Reading the Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale. York Notes Advanced The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale. London Longman, 1998. 3 10.