Arguments For and Against the Vaccine

Arguments For and Against the VaccineVaccine DebateIntroductionThere has always been a struggle over the idea that children our newborns dont need immunised. Some slew think they give babies deadly diseases that would kill them. Who knows it may or may non be true. In this paper Im going to go over both sides of this big debate and explain why getting your children vaccinated is VERY important, especi eithery when it comes to your childrens lives. Another thing is how a vaccine even works to show you that vaccines be unassailable.The Doctor Is out The anti-vaccination movement in AmericaSince 1998, a growing fear surrounding vaccinations in the United States and England has been spreading. The claim is that vaccinations contain dangerous amounts of Mercury, Formaldehyde, and other toxins and can possibly link to bowel disease and autism. Despite mountains of evidence to the contrary, the anti-vaccination (which has gained the dubious moniker, anti-vax) movement continues to gr ow in The United States and England. This paper looks to outline the history of the movement, both historical vaccination crashs and the moderne incarnation of anti-vax, and shed light on the dangers of not having children vaccinated, as well as present evidence to the safety and effectiveness of vaccines. The current vaccination sc ar is nothing new, and is reminiscent of previous historical scargons, the worst of which being in 19th Century Europe. In 1853, the British government passed the inoculation Act of 1853, qualification vaccinations mandatory for all children in the first three months. The passage of the act caused a violent anti-vaccination movement to begin, with riots in Ipswich, Henley, and Mitford. Subsequently, the Anti-Vaccination League in London was create the same year, giving the movement an appearance of credibility. In 1867, Parliament passed another law, The Compulsory Vaccination Act of 1867, extending the vaccination schedule to fourteen historic peri od. This caused more happen within the anti-vaccination community, and more groups began forming, such as the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League, as well as scientific journals such as The Anti-Vaccinator (1869), The Vaccination Inquirer (1879) and The National Anti-Compulsory Vaccination Reporter (1874) (Wolf, Robert M Sharp, Lisa K, British Medical journal).The movement didnt stop in England, however. By the 1870s it had spread to Sweden, and the vaccination rate in Stockholm dropped from 90% in 1872 to 40% in 1873. The Swedish government did little to react to this until Stockholm was hit by a major Smallpox pandemic in 1874. With so few people vaccinated against the virus, it spread right away and ravaged the city, leaving 4,063 dead in Sweden, and 1,206 of those deaths in the city of Stockholm (Kotar, S.L., Smallpox A History p. 177).Other countries werent immune to this outbreak, either. Europe was in the middle of the Franco-Prussian war at this time, meaning large forces w ere moving quickly across Europe, and fetching the disease with them. Smallpox spread into Denmark and Norway, which led to 6,620 reported cases and 425 deaths in Denmark, and 2,235 cases with 275 deaths in Norway (Kotar, S.L., Smallpox A History p. 177). By this point in history, a viable Smallpox vaccine was available and had been for decades. In 1798, Edward Jenner effectively immunized patients against Smallpox by injecting them with a weaker strain of Cowpox. The bodys immune response to w octonarylift off the Cowpox virus conferred a permanent immunity to contraction of Smallpox. The uproar over vaccine denial in Europe, however, made the vaccination useless, and piece Sweden had laws in place requiring vaccinations, they were not well enforced. 49% of children werent immunized in Stockholm, the city that took the brunt of the pandemic.Understanding this direct cause and effect relationship among lack of vaccinations, mobility of people, and deaths from preventable diseas es is important in the fight against the modern day anti-vaccination movement. Europe in the 1870s lost a portion of its population to a preventable disease, which was spread so quickly by the movement of armies during the Franco-Prussian war as well as the displacement of civilians resulting from the war. Smallpox, as with most diseases, incubates in people for a few days before symptoms are visible, however it is still possible to spread the virus while its in its incubatory stages. So, this means that galore(postnominal) people who arrived in Sweden and Denmark that were carriers had no outward symptoms. They were interacting with a culture that was largely unvaccinated against Smallpox, allowing the disease to run rampant amongst the population with deadly consequences.Fast ship 130 years to the modern world and this scenario could again become a lethal reality. We live in a world that increasingly connected, where people motive power daily from one country or continent to an other, and with little effort. While thither are vaccination laws in the United States and most of the rest of the actual world, places such as West Africa throw off no such laws, and very high rates of vaccine preventable illnesses. People can travel quickly and with relatively little effort from these places and back again in less than the amount of time it would take a viral infection to start present symptoms. This is exactly what happened in Newark, Texas in 2013. The Eagle Mountain International Church in Newark is a church that boasts over 1,500 members. They are also vehement anti-vax proponents. In August of 2013 a member had traveled to Indonesia, where he contracted morbilli. He showed no outward symptoms upon his return to Texas and attended church, where he then spread the measles to other members of the congregation. Sixteen people contracted the illness, nine children and seven adults, none of whom had been vaccinated against it. One of the adults then spread the m easles to nearby Denton, Texas, infecting another basketball team people, again, not vaccinated (Aleccia, Jonel NBC News). While this case was relatively mild and brought no fatalities, it shows a demonstrable pattern between vaccine denial, migration, and infection.To understand why vaccinations are important, its necessary to understand how they work and to understand the denial movement its important to know the stance of the anti-vaccinationists. Without delving too much into the science (entire doctoral and PhD thesis have been written on the subject), vaccines work by injecting weak or paralyzed forms of viruses and other chemicals in a flash into the bloodstream of a patient. The patients (typically an infant) immune system then fights off the infection, and the body builds an immune response to the infection. This response is permanent, and the patient has now developed anti-bodies to various diseases (Centers for Disease Control and opposeion, How Vaccines Prevent Diseas e).The anti-vaccination stance is that vaccinations are not tested enough, that pharmaceutical companies cannot be trusted, and that the added chemicals in vaccinations arent safe for human consumption. They claim, as well, that parts from aborted fetuses, rabbit brains, dog kidney, and sniveller embryos are used in the manufacture of vaccines, and that while you can always get a vaccination, you cant undo an existing one. The list of chemicals in vaccinations is indeed staggering, according to the anti-vaccination camp. Thimerosol, MSG, anti-freeze, and formaldehyde are just a few of the long list of dangerous chemicals in vaccinations, according to the web site The well-preserved Home Economist (http//www.thehealthyhomeeconomist.com/six-reasons-to-say-no-to-vaccination/).While it is true that many of these chemicals exist in vaccines, they are frequently in name amounts not harmful to humans. Many of them are used only during the manufacturing process and are actually removed f rom the final product. Thimerosol, which contains ethyl mercury, is common in many vaccines, and is used as a antiseptic (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Ingredients). Anti-vaxers have claimed for years that the addition of mercury into an infant is incredibly dangerous, however, a study published in The lancet arch and conducted at the University Of Rochester proved just the opposite. 40 infants were randomly selected, 19 of them received vaccines with ethyl mercury, and 21 without. Blood, urine, and stool samples were then taken from the infants from three to twenty eight days after the initial vaccination. The infants were exposed to 111.3 micrograms of Thimerosol containing ethyl mercury (higher than is contained in vaccines) or to 82.5 micrograms if the infant was under 3 months old (for scale, 1 microgram is couple to 1.0e-9 kilograms). The findings showed that, between 4-10 days, the half-life decay of ethyl mercury was 95%, meaning that 95% of the chemic al had dissipated from the infants in just over a week. Further, the trace amounts that were actually injected into the infants were incredibly minute, so much so that, by comparison, you would consume more mercury by eating an apple, almost ten times as much. Only one of the infants was shown to have an increased level of ethyl mercury after 28 days, but the amount still fell within the refreshing tolerance range (Pichichero, The Lancet). Mono Sodium Glutamate, or MSG, is present as well in vaccinations however this chemical in small amounts is in no way harmful to humans. Its commonly found in table salt and other food seasonings. While formaldehyde is indeed used in the manufacture of vaccines, it is not in the final product. The formaldehyde is used to paralyze the virus that is going in the vaccination, and is subsequently removed before the vaccine is complete. The American Journal Of Public Health performed a study in 1954 of the use of formaldehyde in the poliomyelitis vacc ine, and found it to be all in all safe (American Journal Of Public Health, Salk, Jonas E. M.D., Volume 44 Issue 5).Anti-freeze is another harmful chemical that the anti-vaccinators will frequently tell you are contained within all vaccines. While this isnt completely untrue, its not totally true either. It is more the subject of a poor understanding of chemistry. Anti-freeze is primarily wood alcohol, which is in the chemical family of alcohols. However, methanol is completely harmless to humans in small amounts. Anti-freeze, though, is very poisonous in nearly any dosage. Thats due to the active ingredient, the freezing-point depressor ethylene-glycol. While methanol is certainly found in vaccines due to its sterile properties, ethylene-glycol certainly isnt (Brown, M.D., Baby 411 Clear Answers Smart Advice about Your Babys Shots).The modern ontogenesis of the anti-vaccination movement started in earnest with Dr. Andrew Wakefield in 1998. He published a study in The Lancet Medic al Journal in which he claimed to have found a link between the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine and Autism Spectrum Disorders, or ASD. The initial report sent shock waves through the medical community. However, four years later the results of his research were unable to be reproduced by any other medical team and speculation arose. Finally, in 2004, Brian Deer, an investigative journalist for The Sunday times in London published his findings. In the course of his research into Dr. Wakefields study he found multiple conflicts of interest (Deer, Brian, The Sunday Times). His article prompted a lengthy investigation by the General Medical Council (GMC), Englands medical ethics and licensing board.During the course of their investigation, they found Andrew Wakefield to be guilty of serious professional act and stripped him of his medical license, and had his home stricken from the Medical Register. The GMC found that he had accepted money from a private contingent of lawyers , the Legal Aid control panel (LAB), who were engaging in a class action lawsuit against a vaccine production company. Wakefield was paid $84,160.00 (converted from Pounds Sterling) for his research, and it was concluded that over half of the money went directly to Mr. Wakefield instead of into the study. He was also found to be guilty of tampering with 5 of the patients, even though he had a strict no refer rule with all patient test subjects (General Medical Council, Fitness to Practice Council, 1-7). As far as a link between autism and the MMR vaccine, doctors have pink-slipped it as a classic case of correlation not being equal to causation. Most children are diagnosed with ASD shortly after they are vaccinated, but thats only because nearly all children are vaccinated, and the age at which vaccinations take place are the same age at which ASD starts to show its symptoms, but there is no direct correlation between the two.Even though the evidence all points to the contrary, and the research and testing have proven vaccinations to be both safe and effective, vaccination denial is still a prevalent health issue. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) releases a weekly report, the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly. Report that shows all cases of infectious and communicable diseases reported in the United States. The data shows a clear spike of vaccine preventable illnesses, such as Measles, Diphtheria, Rubella, and Smallpox in geographical areas that have higher concentration of anti-vaccination advocates (Centers for Disease Control, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, report data for April 2014).The danger isnt just for those who choose not to get vaccinated or choose not to get their children vaccinated. Vaccinations are so effective because of herd immunity. There are people who are incapable of getting vaccinated, either due to allergies or to rare medical conditions. They rely on the people around them to be properly vaccinated, thus e liminating a host for the virus. As rates of vaccination decline, the herd becomes smaller, and viruses and diseases will be able to find hosts easier, not only contaminating those foolish enough not to get vaccinated, but also those who are just unable to get vaccinated.ConclusionThis is a dangerous and very real health concern. The CDC has (unofficially) referred to celebrities such as Jenny McCarthy and Bill Maher, who are staunch opponents of vaccinations, as public health threats. The data is clear, vaccinations are safe, and there is absolutely no link between vaccinations and autism. The media has leaned heavy on scare tactics to boost ratings, reporting that vaccinations are potentially dangerous and encouraging people to seek homeopathic or natural remedies instead of synthesized ones. It is our duty as a people to educate and be educated on such matters that concern our public health with such tremendous force.